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Biology - 6th Year > Emzymes > Flashcards

Emzymes Flashcards

1
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all chemical reactions in an organisms

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2
Q

What is sunlight capable of being absorbed by

A

Cellular pigments

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3
Q

Eg of solar energy

A

Solar energy

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4
Q

Cellular energy

A

The energy stores in the bonds of bio molecules

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5
Q

Eg cellular energy

A

Respiration

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6
Q

Enzymes

A

Biological catalysts made of protein

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7
Q

What are enzymes made in

A

Living things called biological catalysts

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8
Q

Catalysts

A

Speed up a reaction without being used up in the reaction

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9
Q

What biomolecule is in an enzyme

A

Protein

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10
Q

The nature of enzymes are..

A

Proteins

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11
Q

When are proteins made

A

When amino acids join together in ribosomes

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12
Q

What is it called when proteins are made when amino acids join together in ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis

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13
Q

What are most enzymes

A

Globular proteins

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14
Q

What are globular proteins

A

Folded into 3D shape

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15
Q

Enzymes that act in proteins are called

A

Proteases

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16
Q

Enzyme reactions are

A

Reversible

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17
Q

Catabolic enzyme

A

Breaks a complex molecule into a smaller one

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18
Q

Eg of catabolic reactions

A

Respiration and digestion

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19
Q

DNA polymerase

A

Forms and repairs DNA

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20
Q

DNA ligase

A

Converts simpler molecules into complex ones

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21
Q

What is an anabolic process in plants

A

Photosynthesis

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22
Q

Name two examples of anabolic reactions in plants

A

Protein synthesis and DNA

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23
Q

What is the substance the enzyme acts on

A

Substrate

24
Q

Active sight

A

Part of the enzyme that combines with the substrate

25
Q

The active sight is fixed to

A

Fit the substrate

26
Q

What happens when the substrate enters the active sight

A

It changes shape slightly

27
Q

What is it called when the enzyme fits precisely around the substrate

A

Induced fit model

28
Q

Inhibitors

A

Can prevent enzymes from working

29
Q

What type of enzymes do inhibitors attach to

A

Nerve transmissions

30
Q

What dénaturés an enzyme involved in respiration

A

Cyanide

31
Q

Eg of an inhibitor

A

Cyanide

32
Q

Beneficial inhibitors

A

Pain killers

Antibiotics

33
Q

Dentatured enzymes

A

Lots it’s active shape and can no longer carry out its function

34
Q

Bioprocessing

A

Use of enzyme controlled reactions to produce a product

35
Q

Eg of bioprocessing

A

Making cheese

36
Q

Bioreactor

A

A vessel in which living things/ their enzymes are used to make a product

37
Q

How do you prevent enzymes freely dissolving

A

Immobilise them

38
Q

Immobilised enzymes

A

Attached to each other it in an inert substance and can be used repeatedly

39
Q

Eg of how they are immobilised

A

Enclosed within a gel (sodium alginate)

40
Q

Advantage of immobilised enzymes

A

Can be reused

Cheaper

41
Q

What converts lactose to glucose

A

Lactase

42
Q

What converts glucose to fructose

A

Glucose isomerase

43
Q

What makes chemical reactions faster

A

Higher temperatures

44
Q

What temperature do enzymes denature

A

40 dégrées

45
Q

What is the optimum pH for an enzyme

A

7

46
Q

Pepsin pH

A

1 or 2

47
Q

An enzyme cannot act on

A

Only one substrate

48
Q

Phosphorylation

A

Thé addition of phosphate to a molecule

49
Q

NADP

A

Nicotinamide adénine dinucleotide phosphate

50
Q

Where is catalase found

A

Celery

51
Q

What does catalase do

A

Converts hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

52
Q

What does washing up liquid do in an experiment

A

Breaks down cell membranes

53
Q

What does the volume of foam indicate

A

Activity of an enzyme

54
Q

How do you vary temperature

A

water bathS

55
Q

How do u keep the temperature steady

A

Use one water bath

Biology - 6th Year (21 decks)

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