Anatomy - Theme 1 - Muscular system

Question 1

what are the three types?

Answer 1

smooth, cardiac, skeleton

Question 2

give two functions of skeletal muscle

Answer 2

locomotion and posture

Question 3

what is the structure of skeletal muscle from the muscle fibre downwards?

Answer 3

muscle fibre contains myofibrils, which contain myofilaments which contain sarcomeres

Question 4

what do myofilaments allow?

Answer 4

the muscle to contract

Question 5

are muscle cells uninuclear or multinuclear?

Answer 5

multinuclear

Question 6

what is the connective tissue surrounding each muscle cell/fibre called?

Answer 6

endomysium

Question 7

what is the connective tissue surrounding each muscle fascicle called?

Answer 7

perimysium

Question 8

what is the connective tissue surrounding each whole muscle called?

Answer 8

epimysium

Question 9

where are the nuclei of skeletal muscle cells located?

Answer 9

peripherally

Question 10

what are the set cells of muscle cells?

Answer 10

satellite cells

Question 11

what unit makes up sarcomeres?

Answer 11

myofilaments

Question 12

what is the function unit of a muscle cell fibre?

Answer 12

sarcomere

Question 13

what happens to the Z line of the of the sarcomere on contraction?

Answer 13

they get closer

Question 14

how many heads does the pec major have?

Answer 14

two - sternal and clavicular

Question 15

what is the origin of pec major

Answer 15

clavicular head from clavicle and sternal head from superior 6 costal cartilage and the sternum

Question 16

what is the insertion of pec major?

Answer 16

intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

Question 17

what is the action of pec major

Answer 17

flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of the shoulder

Question 18

what is the innervation of pec major?

Answer 18

lateral and medial pectoral nerves

Question 19

what is the origin of pec minor

Answer 19

ribs 3, 4 and 5

Question 20

what is the insertion of pec minor

Answer 20

coracoid process of the scapula

Question 21

what is the action of pec minor

Answer 21

draws scapula back anteriorly and inferiorly and medially - stabilises scapula and elevates the ribs

Question 22

what is the nerve supply of pec minor

Answer 22

medial pectoral nerve

Question 23

what is the origin of the biceps brachii

Answer 23

long head from superglenoid tubercle of the scapula and short head from the coracoid process

Question 24

what is the insertion of the biceps?

Answer 24

radius

Question 25

what is the action of the biceps

Answer 25

flexion of shoulder and elbow, supination of the radio ulnar joint

Question 26

what is the nerve supply of the biceps

Answer 26

musculocutaneous nerves

Question 27

what is the origin of the deltoid

Answer 27

clavicle, acromium and spine of scapula

Question 28

what is the insertion of the deleted

Answer 28

deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Question 29

what’s the action of the deltoid

Answer 29

abduction of the shoulder joint

Question 30

what is nerve innervates the deltoid

Answer 30

axillary nerve

Question 31

what is the origin and insertion of the serratus anterior?

Answer 31

originates upper 8-9 ribs, inserts on the medial border of the scapula

Question 32

what is the action of the serratus anterior

Answer 32

protraction of the scapula - holds it flat against the thoracic cage

Question 33

what is the nerve supply of the serratus anterior

Answer 33

long thoracic nerve

Question 34

what are the six types of muscle arrangement and examples of each

Answer 34

flat, pennate - deltoid, fusiform, gastrocnemius, quadrate - quadrates femoris, circular - orbicularis oris, multiheaded - biceps brachii