8.4.2 Psychological Factors + 8.4.3 Social Factors

Question 1

Psychological Factors of Visual Perception

Answer 1

Gestalt Principles, Perceptual Constancy, Perceptual Set

Question 2

Gestalt Principles

Answer 2

The process of organizing features of a visual scene by grouping parts to perceive a whole form

Question 3

Types of Gestalt Principles

Answer 3

Figure-ground organization, closure, similarity, proximity

Question 4

Figure-ground Organization

Answer 4

perceptually divide the visual scene into the figure that stands out from the ground (surrounding/background)

Question 5

Closure

Answer 5

perceptual tendency to mentally close up, fill in or ignore gaps in a visual image to perceive images as complete.

Question 6

Similarity

Answer 6

The tendency to perceive parts of a visual image that have similar features – shape, size, texture, colour – as belonging together in a meaningful group.

Question 7

Proximity

Answer 7

perceive parts of a visual image which are positioned close together as belonging together as a group

Question 8

Perceptual Constancy:

Answer 8

refers to the tendency to perceive an object as remaining stable and unchanging despite any changes that may occur to the image cast on the retina.

Question 9

Types of Perceptual Constancy

Answer 9

Size Constancy, Shape Constancy, Brightness Constancy

Question 10

Size Constancy

Answer 10

recognising that an object’s actual size remains the same, even though the size of the image it casts on each retina changes

Question 11

Shape Constancy

Answer 11

perceive an object as maintaining its shape despite any change in the shape of the image on the retina.

Question 12

Brightness Constancy

Answer 12

an object maintains its level of brightness in relation to its surroundings, despite changes in the amount of light being reflected from the object to the retina

Question 13

Perceptual Set

Answer 13

The predisposition to perceive something in accordance to what we expect it to be

Question 14

Factors that shape our Perceptual Set

Answer 14

Context, Motivation, Past Experience, Emotional State

Question 15

Motivation

Answer 15

processes within us which activate behaviour that is directed towards achieving a particular goal

Question 15

Context

Answer 15

the setting in which a perceived stimulus occurs -> the situation/environment in which an event occurs

Question 16

Past Experience:

Answer 16

our personal experiences throughout our lives, what we intentionally/unintentionally learn

Question 17

Emotional State

Answer 17

Tendency to interpret stimulus consistent with our feelings

Question 18

Social/Cultural Factors

Answer 18

Experience with or in a particular culture can influence the way we process and interpret visual information.

Example:
-> East Asian (Japanese) individuals are more likely to demonstrate Holistic perception: attention focuses on the broad scene and are aware of relationships and changes

-> Western (Australian) individuals are more likely to demonstrate Analytic perception: attention focuses on specific objects in the scene, regardless of the context presented