Urinary system 1 Flashcards
What are the main structures of the kidney?
Retroperitoneal
Renal capsule- tough fibrous layer covers kidney
Renal fascia-connective tissue, covers kidneys as well as adrenal glands
Hilum- recessed portion of kidneys, closest to midline, where vessels merge and ureter passes
What are the three types of nephrons?
cortical nephrons
midcortical nephrons
juxtamedullar nephrons
What three parts make up the glomerular filtration membrane?
Inner capillary endothelium-most internal and has large pores certain proteins and fluids can pass blood cells cant
Basement membraneprevent plasma proteins from being filtered out of bloodstream
Outer capillary epithelium-wrap around capillaries with spaces, create framework where filtration can occur.
What two parts make up the Juxtaglomerular apparatus?
Juxtaglomerular cells-Renin releasing
Macula densa-Sodium sensing
What are the three main urinary structures
ureter, bladder and uretha
What is glomerular filtration rate?
Filtration of the plasma per unit of time
How is neural regulation involved with renal blood flow
Sympathetic fibres regulate size of afferent and efferent arterioles, thus renal blood flow
No significant parasympathetic regulation
What hormones are involved with renal blood flow?
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Natriuretic peptides
Urodilantin
What is the function of the nephron?
Filters plasma Reabsorbs and secretes Tubular reabsorption and secretion Forms a filtrate of protein-free fluid Regulates the filtrate to maintain fluid volume, electrolytes, and pH
what occurs at the Loop of Henle and distal tubule
Concentration or dilution of urine
Countercurrent exchange system
What occurs at the proximal convoluted tubule?
Active reabsorption of sodium
What is glomerulotubular balance?
Adjustment of reabsorption of sodium and water
what is the countercurrent exchange system?
Contributes to production of concentrated urine
Fluid flows in opposite direction through parallel tubes
Fluid moves up and down the parallel limbs of the loop of Henle
The longer the loop, the greater the concentration gradient
What is vitamin D essential for?
Necessary for the absorption of calcium and phosphate
What is Erythopotein used for?
Released when decreased oxygen to the kidney
Stimulates RBC production
