Blood Film Flashcards

1
Q

What is a blood film?

A

Visualisation of WBC, RBC and platelets

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2
Q

What does microcytic mean?

A

Small cells

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3
Q

What does macrocytic mean?

A

Large cells

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4
Q

What does hypochromic mean?

A

Pale

- less Hb

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5
Q

What does hyperchromic mean?

A

Dense

- more Hb

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6
Q

What does anisocytosis mean?

A

Increased variability in size

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7
Q

What does poikolocytosis mean?

A

Abnormally shaped cells

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8
Q

What does spherocytosis mean?

A

Spherical RBCs

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9
Q

What does elliptocytosis mean?

A

Elliptical RBCs

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10
Q

What do sickle cells look like?

A

Crescent/sickle shaped

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11
Q

What do target cells look like?

A

Dark area in the middle of central pallor

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12
Q

Why do target cells appear?

A

Liver disease

Iron deficiency

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13
Q

What are common inclusions in RBCs?

A

Howell-Jolly Bodies
Basophilic Stippling
Pappenheimer Bodies
Heinz Bodies

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14
Q

What are Howell-Jolly bodies?

A

Inclusion of DNA/nuclear fragments

Present in sickle cell anaemia, haemolytic anaemia, post splenectomy

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15
Q

What is basophilic stippling?

A

Dark blue spots caused by precipitation of RNA

Seen in heavy metal poisoining, nutritional deficiences

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16
Q

What are Pappenheimer bodies?

A

Iron granules

Seen in hereditary anaemia

17
Q

What are Heinz bodies?

A

Inclusions of denatured haemoglobin

Seen in G6PD deficiency, Thalassaemia

18
Q

What are the commonly seen WBCs?

A
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
19
Q

What do neutrophils look like?

A

Multi-lobed nuclei

Pink/purple granules

20
Q

What causes neutrophilia?

A

Infection
Inflammation
Cancer
Tissue damage

21
Q

What causes neutropenia?

A

Sepsis
Splenic pooling
B12/folate deficiency
Aplastic anaemia

22
Q

What do monocytes look like?

A

Largest WBC

Central oval nucleus

23
Q

What do monocytes do?

A

Ingest particles such as cellular debris and bacteria

24
Q

What do neutrophils do?

A

Engulf bacteria and cellular debris

25
Q

What causes monocytosis?

A

Chronic inflammatory conditions
Chronic infection
Carcinoma

26
Q

What causes monocytopenia?

A

Bloodstream infection
Chemotherapy
Bone marrow disorder

27
Q

What do eosinophils do?

A

Mediator of allergic response

28
Q

What do eosinophils look like?

A

Bi-lobed nuclus

Red/orange granules

29
Q

What causes eosinophilia?

A

Allergic disease

Parasitic infection

30
Q

What causes eosinopenia?

A

Stress reaction
Cushing’s syndrome
Steroid use

31
Q

What do basophils do?

A

Active in allergic reactions and inflammatory conditions

32
Q

What do basophils look like?

A

Purple/black granules

33
Q

What causes basophilia?

A

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions
UC
RA

34
Q

What cause basopenia?

A

Hyperthyroidism

Glucocorticoids

35
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A

Production of antibiodies

36
Q

What to lymphocytes look like?

A

Smooth round nucleus

37
Q

What causes lymphocytosis?

A

Viral infections
Bacterial infections
Smoking
Post-splenectomy

38
Q

What causes lymphopenia?

A

Recent infection