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Haematology > Underproduction > Flashcards

Underproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is pancytopenia?

A

Reduction in white cells, red cells and platelets

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2
Q

What are the 2 main causes of pancytopenia?

A

Reduced production

Increased removal

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3
Q

What can cause increased removal of blood cells?

A

Immune destruction
Splenic pooling
Haemophagocytosis

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4
Q

What can caused reduced production of blood cells?

A

B12 / folate deficiency
Bone marrow infiltration
Marrow fibrosis
Radiation

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5
Q

What is aplastic anaemia?

A

Pancytopenia with a hypocellular bone marrow in the absence of an abnormal infiltrate and no increase in reticulin

Non-malignant bone marrow failure

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6
Q

What is thrombocytopenia?

A

Low platelets

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7
Q

What are acquired causes of thrombocytopenia?

A

Decreased platelet production
Increased platelet consumption
Increased platelet destruction

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8
Q

What ca cause decreased platelet production?

A 
B12 or folate deficiency 
Acute leukaemia 
Aplastic anaemia 
Liver failure 
Sepsis
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9
Q

What can cause increased platelet consumption?

A

Massive haemorrhage
DIC
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

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10
Q

What can cause increased platelet destruction?

A

Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura
Hypersplenism
Drug induced

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11
Q

What are consequences of thrombocytopenia?

A

Easy bruising
Petechiae
Mucosal bleeding

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12
Q

What autoantibodies are present in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura?

A

GPIIb/IIIa

GPIb/IX

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13
Q

How is autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura managed?

A

Immunosuppression

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14
Q

What can cause aplastic anaemia?

A

Idiopathic
Fanconi anaemia
Diamond-Blackfan anaemia
Secondary to parvovirus

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15
Q

What is Fanconi anaemia?

A

Autosomal recessive condition that causes bone marrow failure

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16
Q

What are the clinical features of Fanconi anaemia

A

Hypopigmentation
Cafe-au-lait spots
Neurological features
Short stature

17
Q

What are cafe-au-lait spots?

A

Flat patches of skin that are darker than the surrounding skin

18
Q

What condition are those with Fanconi anaemia more at risk of?

A

Acute myeloid anemia

19
Q

What is diamond-blackfan anaemia?

A

Autosomal dominant condition that causes bone marrow failure

20
Q

What are the clinical features of diamond-blackfan anaemia?

A

Microcephaly
Short stature
Wide set eyes
Ptosis

Haematology (28 decks)

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