Chapter 43: Species Interactions

Question 1

Commensalism

Answer 1

Where one species benefits while the other species is unaffected

Question 2

Amensalism

Answer 2

Where one species is harmed while the other species is unaffected (mostly accidental)

Question 3

Mutualism

Answer 3

An interaction where both species gain something

Question 4

Obligate Symbiosis

Answer 4

is when two organisms are in a symbiotic relationship because they can’t survive without each other

Question 5

Antagonism interaction refers to what?

Answer 5

At least 1 individual will get hurt

Question 6

Consumer-Resource Interactions

Answer 6

organisms get their nutrition by eating other living organisms

Question 7

Competitive Exclusion Principle

Answer 7

It states similar species will have similar ecological niches, and will, therefore, compete for resources

Question 8

Resource Partitioning

Answer 8

is the division of limited resources by species to help avoid competition in an ecological niche

Question 9

Ecological Niche

Answer 9

is a term for the position of a species within an ecosystem, describing both the range of conditions necessary for the persistence of the species and its ecological role in the ecosystem

Question 10

Interspecific Competition

Answer 10

is a form of competition in which individuals of different species compete for the same resources in an ecosystem

Question 11

Intraspecific Competition

Answer 11

is a form of competition in which individual of the same species compete for limited resources

Question 12

Trophic Cascade

Answer 12

Refers to changes in a food web where energy is passed from one organism to others in that community

Question 13

Consumer-resource interactions can lead to what?

Answer 13

It can lead to an evolutionary arms race in which prey continually evolve better defenses while predators continually evolve better offenses, and neither gains any lasting advantage over the other

Question 14

Interspecific competition can lead to what?

Answer 14

It can lead to resource partitioning and coexistence.

Question 15

What are the defensive strategies for resource species against predation and herbivory?

Answer 15

1. Mobile animals use speed, size, and weapons

2. Others hide, use camouflage, or mimic other species

Question 16

Mimicry

Answer 16

an evolved resemblance between an organism and another object

Question 17

Müllerian mimicry

Answer 17

occurs in nature when two or more harmful species look very similar in order to ward off potential predators

Question 18

Batesian mimicry

Answer 18

Occurs when an organism mimics the appearance of another organism that doesn’t taste good

Question 19

Batesian mimicry

Answer 19

Occurs when a palatable organism mimic resembles an unpalatable model

Question 20

Invasive Species

Answer 20

is an organism that causes ecological or economic harm in a new environment where it is not native

Question 21

What are the three ways that an invasive species can negatively affect native species?

Answer 21

1. Displacement
2. Direct predation/parasitism
3. Change the ecosystem

Question 22

Sessile

Answer 22

Rooted in space