Body Folding and Body Cavities

Question 1

Small spaces form in the lateral plate mesoderm and grow to from a horseshoe shaped cavity known as?

Answer 1

Intraembryonic coelom

Question 2

During embryonic head folding, what part of the endoderm will form?
During embryonic tail folding, what part of the endoderm will form?
During embryonic lateral folding, what part of the endoderm will form?

Answer 2

1) Foregut
2) Hindgut
3) Midgut

Question 3

During head folding, the developing brain overgrows?
After head folding, what are the relative locations of the septum transversum, heart, and oropharyngeal membrane from anterior to posterior?

Answer 3

1) Oropharyngeal Membrane

2) Oropharyngeal Membrane, Heart, Septum Transversum

Question 4

During embryonic tail folding, the caudal eminence (tail region) overgrows the?
This forces the primitive streak, cloacal membrane, and allantois in what direction?
The terminal hindgut dilates to form the?

Answer 4

1) Cloacal membrane
2) Ventrally
3) Cloaca

Question 5

What happens during lateral folding?

What happens to the communication between the intraembryoinc and extraembryonic coelomic cavities?

Answer 5

1) Lateral folds migrate and fuse anteriorly

2) Separate

Question 6

The embryo grows into the median and horizontal planes simultaneously around?

Answer 6

4th week/ day 22

Question 7

What does the allantois and connecting stalk become?
What does hindgut become?
What does cloaca become?
What does cloacal membrane become?
What does stomodeum become?
What do bronchial buds become?
What do peritoneal canals become?
What does the septum transversum become?
What does the dorsal mesentery become?

Answer 7

1) Umbilical cord
3) Descending colon/rectum
4) Urinary bladder/rectum
5) Future anus
6) Future mouth
7) Lungs
8) Pleural cavities
9) Central tendon of diaphragm
10) Crura of diaphragm

Question 8

What is the intraembryonic coelom divided into?

Answer 8

1) Two pericardial cavity
2) Pleural cavities
3) Peritoneal cavity

Question 9

What separates the pericardial cavity from the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 9

The septum transversum and the pleuroperitoneal membrane coming together to form the thoracic diaphragm.

Question 10

What layer of lateral mesoderm is continuous with extraembryonic mesoderm covering umbilical vesicle?
What layer of lateral mesoderm is continuous with extraembryonic mesoderm covering amnion?

Answer 10

1) Splanchnic layer

2) Somatic layer

Question 11

The foregut, midgut, and hindgut are held in place in the peritoneal cavity by?
This structure is also the median portion of the?

Answer 11

1) Dorsal mesentery

2) Diaphragm

Question 12

The pleuropericardial and pleuroperitoneal folds come from what mesoderm?

Answer 12

Somatic

Question 13

Bronchial buds will become lungs and grow and invade into what area?
This produces?
Lungs will developing area between?

Answer 13

1) Pericardioperitoneal canals
2) Pleuropericardial and pleuroperitoneal folds
3) Pleuropericardial and pleuroperitoneal membranes

Question 14

What is the splanchnopleura made of?

What is the somatopleura made of?

Answer 14

1) Splanchnic mesoderm and endoderm

2) Somatic mesoderm and ectoderm

Question 15

The parietal wall of cavities is made from?

The visceral wall of cavities is made from?

Answer 15

1) Somatic mesoderm

2) Splanchnic mesoderm

Question 16

What fold is located superior to developing lungs and seperates the heart from lungs?
What fold is located caudally to developing lungs and separates the abdomen from lungs?

Answer 16

1) Pleuropericardial folds

2) Pleuroperitoneal folds

Question 17

What is congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)?
What causes it?
What does it lead to?
What side is typically impacted most commonly?

Answer 17

1) Posterolateral defect where the viscera bulges into pleural cavity
2) Pleuroperitoneal folds did not extend ventromedial
3) Lung maturation delayed and polyhydramnios
4) Left side

Question 18

What is Gastroschisis?
What causes gastroschisis?
How does it differ from an umbilical hernia?
It is associated with high levels of what in amniotic fluid/maternal blood?

Answer 18

1) Protrusion of the viscera to the right of the umbilical cord
2) Lateral folds did not fully fuse together
3) Bowel is uncovered and floating in the amniotic fluid
4) Alpha fetoprotein

Question 19

What is congenital epigastric hernia?

Answer 19

Midline bulge of abdominal wall located between the xiphoid process and umbilicus