Thoracic Radiology Flashcards
What is more sensitive to detect rib fractures, XR or CT?
CT
While it is difficult to assess fractured ribs on XR, they are often seen due to?
Hematoma at site of fracture
What ribs are most commonly fractured?
4-10
Fractured ribs are associated with?
Pneumothorax/hemothorax
What causes a spontaneous pneumothorax?
What are the risks?
What does it lead to?
1) Rupture of alveoli through visceral pleura so air leaks into cavity
2) Smoking, COPD, and Cystic fibrosis
3) Lung collapse
What is a tension pneumothorax?
What causes it?
What does it lead to?
1) Air enters thorax but cannot exit
2) Trauma where injury fails to seal
3) Lung collapse and impaired venous return which can lead to cardiac arrest
What is pulmonary meniscus sign commonly seen with?
The meniscus is due to?
Where does it accumulate in, on the PA radiograph?
Where does it accumulate in, on the lateral radiographs?
1) Pleural effusion on X-ray
2) Surface tension between two different fluids in pleural cavity
3) Costophrenic angles
4) Substernal region
What are solitary, round, circumscribes shadows on X-ray that may be calcified and may be asymptomatic?
What are some causes?
1) Coin sign
2) TB, neoplasm, cysts
What are seen when the interlobular septa in the pulmonary interstitium becomes prominent?
Kerley lines
Diagonal lines running from hila to periphery are known as?
Short parallel lines at the periphery perpendicular to pleura are known as?
1) Kerley A lines
2) Kerley B lines
The fluid buildup within pericardial cavity leading to obstruction of blood flow and a water bottle shaped heart is known as?
Cardiac Tamponade
What are the symptoms of cardiac tamponade (Beck’s triad)?
1) Distant heart sounds
2) Jugular distension
3) Hypotension
In an echocardiography, the apex is where?
Top
What causes Kerley A lines?
What causes Kerley B lines?
1) Distention of lymphatic anastomosis
2) Pulmonary edema, lymphoma, pneumonia
Mediastinal shifts found on XR is a sign of?
Tension Pneumothorax
What is the diagnoses?
Fractured Rib
What is the diagnoses?
Pneumothorax
What is the diagnoses?
Pulmonary Meniscus sign
What is the diagnoses?
Coin Sign
What is the diagnoses?
Kerley A lines
What is the diagnoses?
Kerley B lines
Name the structures
1) Trachea
2) Rib
3) Brachiocephalic trunk
4) Brachiocephalic vein
5) Pectoralis major
6) Pectoralis minor
7) Common carotid
8) Subclavian artery
9) Esophagus
10) Scapula
Name the structures
1) Right lung
2) Trachea
3) SVC
4) Aortic arch
5) Left lung
6) Scapula
7) Vertebral body
8) Rib
Name the structures
1) Right lung
2) SVC
3) Ascending Aorta
4) Descending Aorta
5) Rib
6) Left lung
7) Esophagus
8) Trachea
Name the structures
1) Right atrium
2) Aortic root
3) Pulmonary trunk
4) Left atrium
5) Descending thoracic aorta
Name the structures
1) Right lung
2) IVC
3) RV
4) LV
5) Esophagus
6) Left lung
7) Descending thoracic aorta
8) Vertebral foramen
Name the diagnosis?
Cardiac tamponade
Name the structures
Pink- Base
Yellow- SA nodal
Orange- RCA
Green- Posterior interventricular a.
Red- Right marginal a.
Purple- LCA
Blue- Circumflex a.
Brown- Left marginal a.
Gray- Anterior interventricular a.
White- Apex
Name the structures
Yellow- Ascending aorta
Red- Aortic arch
Orange- Descending aorta
Pink- Brachiocephalic trunk
Blue- Right subclavian a.
Gray- Right common carotid
Brown- Left common carotid a
Purple- Left subclavian a.
What figure can turbulence be seen in LV?
What figure can regurgitation through tricuspid and with trubrublen in LA be seen?
1) B
2) C
