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Bacteriology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Vancomycins

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2
Q

Penicillins

A 
Notarum, Chrysogenium
Blocks PG synthesis: cross link inhib
Mainly Gr+
Types:
Narrow spectrum
Penicillinase resistant
Broad spectrum
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3
Q

Cephalosporins

A 
Acremonium
Inhib transpeptidase
Mainly Gr+
Generations: increasing spectrum, improved penetration, prog resistance to beta lactamase:
1-4
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4
Q

Vancomycin

A

Early stages of PG synthesis

ONLY Gr+

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5
Q

Cell membrane function damage

A 
Polymyxins: LPS damage
Hydrophobic/philic part
Binds to membrane phospholipids and causes structural disorganization
Gr-
Nephro+neurotoxic
Resistance rare
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6
Q

Inhibition of DNA superhelix

A

Quinolones
Inhib of DNA-gyrase: prevents supercoiling
Gr+ and Gr-

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7
Q

Inhibition of RNA replication

A

Rifampins
RNA polymerase inhibitors
Wide spectrum: Gr+ and Gr-, Mycobact, Chlamydia, Rickettsia
Resistance is common

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8
Q

30S inhibition of protein synthesis

A

Aminoglycosides
Strepto-, neo-, kana-, gentamycin
RNA misreading

Tetracyclines
Tetra-, oxytetra-, chlortetracycline, doxycycline
Inhib binding of RNA

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9
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Irreversibly binds to 30S and freezes complex
Faulty proteins produced
Gr- and mycobacteria
Poor abs from GI

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10
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Reversibly binds to 30S, tRNA cannot bind
Wide spectrum
Cross resistance

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11
Q

50S inhibition of protein synthesis

A

Chloramphenicol
Macrolids
Lincosamides

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12
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florphenicol
Inhibits transpeptidation
Wide spectrum
Lipid soluble

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13
Q

Macrolids

A 
Erythromycin, Oleandomycin, tylosin, tilmicosin, tiamulin
Inhibits translocation (binding of tRNA)
Only short chained peptides are produced
Lipid soluble
Gr+ mainly
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14
Q

Lincosamides

A

Clindamycin, lincomycin
Inhibits transpeptidation
Gr+ mainly, mycoplasma

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15
Q

Inhibitors of intermediate metabolism

A

Sulfonamides

Nitrofurantoins

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16
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Inhibits folic acid biosynthesis
= ø purine nucleotides prod
Functional analogues of PABA, competes for same enzyme = prevents bacterial growth

17
Q

Prod of metabolites active against DNA

A

Nitrofurantoin, Nitroimidazoles

18
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

Active anaerobically
Produces unstable reduction products, causes strand breakage in bacterial DNA
Local treatment + UTIs

19
Q

Nitroimidazoles

A

Reactive metabolites damage bacterial DNA
Anaerobe and microaerophils
Gr+ and Gr-
Lab animal carcinogen

Bacteriology (13 decks)

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