Larynx Structure & Function

Question 1

what are the functions of the larynx

Answer 1

1. gaurds entrance to trachea during swallowing
2. regulates amount of air entering lower respiratory passageways
3. vocalization

Question 2

what is the larynx

Answer 2

short muscular/cartilagenous organ which leads to the trachea

Question 3

what is the larynx attached by

Answer 3

hyoid apparatus to cranium between the rami of mandibles

Question 4

where is the entrance of the larynx

Answer 4

situated ventrally in common pharynx at base of tongue (except horse)

Question 5

what are the dorsal relations of larynx

Answer 5

esophagus - base of skull - atlas

Question 6

what are the ventral relations of the larynx

Answer 6

ventral muscles of neck - skin

Question 7

what are the bones in the hyoid apparatus

Answer 7

stylohyoid

epihyoid

ceratohyoid

basihyoid

thryohyoid

Question 8

what are the 5 laryngeal cartilages (hyoid apparatus and larynx articulations)

Answer 8

1. thyrohyoid articulation
2. thyro-epiglottic attachment
3. cricothyroid articulation
4. cricoarytenoid articulation

Question 9

what are the 5 larynx cartilages

Answer 9

1. epiglottic
2. thyroid

3,4. paired arytenoid

5. cricoid

Question 10

what is shown here

Answer 10

hyoid apparatus, larynx and some of the cartilages, trachae

Question 11

what is the shape of the epiglottis cartilage

Answer 11

leaf life in dogs

more rounded in bovine

Question 12

what does the epiglottis cartilage articulate with

Answer 12

thyroid cartilage –> thyro-epiglottic attachment

Question 13

how does the epiglottis cartilage move during swallowing

Answer 13

tips caudally during swallowing –> doesn’t close the entrance to larynx

Question 14

what does the epiglottis cartilage consit of

Answer 14

elastic cartilage

Question 15

what is the shape of thyroid carilage

Answer 15

U shaped: 2 lateral plates fuse ventrally

Question 16

what does the thyroid carilage articulate with

Answer 16

thyrohyoid bone and arch of cricoid cartilage –> thyrohyoid articulation

Question 17

what is the shape of the cricoid cartilage

Answer 17

signet ring (wide dorsally, narrow ventrally)

Question 18

what is the function of cricoid cartilage

Answer 18

stabilizing role

Question 19

what does cricoid cartilage articulate with

Answer 19

arytenoids and thyroid cartilage –> cricothyroid articulation and cricoarytenoid articulation

Question 20

what is the cricoid cartilage linked by

Answer 20

cricotracheal ligament to trachea

Question 21

what does cricoid cartilage consist of

Answer 21

hyaline cartilage (ossifies with age)

Question 22

what is the shape of the arytenoid cartilage

Answer 22

paired

irregular form –> pyramidal

Question 23

where is the arytenoid cartilages

Answer 23

situated dorsal and medial to lateral laminae of the thyroid cartilage

Question 24

what is the vocal process

Answer 24

supports vocal fold and contributes to the glottis

Question 25

what are the arytenoid cartilages made up of

Answer 25

hyaline cartilage

Question 26

what is the corniculate processes

Answer 26

irregular

supports the aryepiglottic folds (contributes to the formation of the aditus)

Question 27

what is the cuneiform processes

Answer 27

present in horses, dogs and pigs

contributes to the vestibular folds in these species

Question 28

what is the laryngeal aditus

Answer 28

entrance to larynx

Question 29

how is the laryngeal aditus formed

Answer 29

by epiglottis, corniculate process of the arytenoid cartilages and aryepiglottic folds

Question 30

what are these structures

Question 31

name the structures

Answer 31

area A = vestibule

area B = glottis (glottic cleft/rima glottidis) controls the amount of air entering trachea

area C = infraglottic cavity = leads to trachea

Question 32

what laryngeal regions are present in the eqiune dog and pig

Answer 32

lateral recess (ventricle) - 6

median recess

Question 33

what is the narrowest part of the larynx

Answer 33

glottis

Question 34

what is the glottis formed by

Answer 34

vocal process of arytenoid cartilages, vocal folds and their attachments to the thyroid cartilage

Question 35

what does the glottis control

Answer 35

the amount of air entering the trachea

closed during swallowing