Conducting Operations In Degraded Space Environment

Question 1

What is more common GPS or SATCOM?

Answer 1

GPS

Question 2

What does ISR stand for?

SATCOM?

Answer 2

Intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance

Satellite communications

Question 3

How many satellites are required for GPS to be accurate?

Why that many?

Answer 3

4 are required

Need 4 because there are 4 unknowns:

• latitude
• longitude
• altitude
• receiver clock bias

Question 4

How many satellites are generally in line of site at any given time?

Answer 4

Typically there are 8-11 in most places on earth at any given time

Question 5

What makes DAGR different than your normal Garmin?

Answer 5

DAGR use crypto and are resistant to jamming

Question 6

Methods to overcome enemy attempts to jam your GPS signal

?

Answer 6

Terrain
Vehicles
Buildings
Your body

Question 7

What is a PACE plan? Give an example PACE for navigation

Answer 7

Primary, Alternate Contingency, Emergency

P: DAGR w COMSEC
A: JCR
C: Map and compass
E: terrain association

Question 8

What does satcom provide?

Answer 8

It supports all warfighting functions

Works beyond line of sight voice and data communications

Works with joint force tracking to increase command and control and reduce fratricide

Question 9

What can you do if you have problems with your SATCOM?

Answer 9

trouble shoot equipment
- LOS to sky
- weather
Understand tactical situation
- jamming
Report interference per SOP
Have PACE plan

Question 10

Benefits of space based ISR?

Answer 10

• Collects intel from denied areas (ground and air)
• many different sensors are available
• can incorporate commercial satellites
• integrated into “all source” intel

Question 11

Limitations of space capabilities?

Answer 11

Physics - satellites are where they are at a given time

Terrestrial environment - clouds etc

Solar environment - solar storms

Enemy action - can create a Denied Degraded and Disrupted Space Operational Environment (D3SOE)

Question 12

Space assets relevance to movement and maneuver?

Answer 12

Movement and maneuver

SATCOM
- long distance unit synchronization

GPS
- Accurate navigation- timely situational awareness

ISR
- accurate enemy locations

Question 13

Space assets relevance to Fires?

Answer 13

Fires

SATCOM
- Effective and timely targeting

GPS
- Precision targeting and tracking

ISR
- support to deep targeting

Question 14

Space assets relevance to Intilligence?

Answer 14

Intelligence

SATCOM
- Reach back to higher level intel

GPS
- Accurate ISR

ISR
- battlefield awareness

Question 15

Space assets relevance to protections?

Answer 15

protections

SATCOM
- timely warning

GPS
- reduces fratricide

ISR
- early warning

Question 16

Space assets relevance to sustainment?

Answer 16

Sustainment

SATCOM
- Pull/push logistics

GPS
- Log tracking

ISR
- Log planning

Question 17

enemy Threats to space operations?

Answer 17

Lethal

• anti-satellite missiles
• attack on ground space station

Non-lethal

• SATCOM/GPS jammers
• EMP
• Cyper attacks
• Lasers against satellites

Question 18

Non enemy threats to space operations?

Answer 18

non lethal

• Electromagnetic interference (EMI)
• space debris
• solar weather
• terrestrial weather
• terrain and vegetation

Question 19

D3SOE effect in history?

Answer 19

The russians were very successful in jamming the communications and assets of Ukrainian networks
- they were reduced to cell phone as only source of COMS and the Russians could target them with it

Question 20

What is GYPSY KILO?

Answer 20

GPS jamming exercise conduced against a unit at Ft Carson and White sands

Question 21

Results of gypsy kilo?

Answer 21

Discovered

• over dependence of space capabilities
• relied heavily on for situational awareness and comms
• 80% of soldiers didn’t encrypt their DAGRS