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Y2 LCRS Anatomy of Limbs > hip, buttock and thigh > Flashcards

hip, buttock and thigh Flashcards

buttock and thigh: describe the organisation of the neuromuscular compartments of the buttock and thigh, and explain their innervation and function. Demonstrate the paths of the main blood vessels and nerves of the region

1
Q

2 functions of anterior compartment of thigh

A

hip flexors, knee extensors

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2
Q

5 muscles in anterior compartment of thigh

A

pectineus (flexor and abduction of hip; pubic bone to lateral thigh), ilio-psoas (pelvis; attaches to lesser trachanter of femur; formed by psoas major and iliacus which pass underneath inguinal ligament), (tensor fascia lata), sartotius (inferior and medial, crossing knee joint to attach to medial shaft of tibia; flex knee and abduct thigh), quadriceps femoris (flex knee)

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3
Q

4 muscle heads of quadriceps femoris

A

rectus femoris (only one to attach across hip joint), vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis; form ligament which patellar is embedded in (patellar ligament) to anterior tuberosity of tibia

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4
Q

function of medial compartment of thigh

A

hip adduction

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5
Q

5 muscles in medial compartment of thigh

A

adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus (broad attachment along posterior shaft of femur, and then short attachment at adductor tubercle, creating adductor magnus hiatus, used for femoral artery and vein passing from anterior to posterior of knee, before becoming popliteal artery and vein), gracilis, obturator externus; attachments on posterior shaft of femur

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6
Q

2 functions of posterior compartment of thigh (commonly known as hamstrings)

A

knee flexion, hip extension (except short head of biceps femoris)

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7
Q

3 muscles of posterior compartment of thigh

A

semimembranosus (flatter strap; stay relatively medial across knee to medial tibia), semitendinosus (rope-like tendon; stay relatively medial across knee to medial tibia), biceps femoris (attach to head of fibula); all come off ischial tuberosity, except biceps femoris, whose short head comes off posterior shaft of femur

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8
Q

what is the femoral triangle (anterior upper part of thigh) outlined by superiorly, medially and laterally

A

superiorly: inguinal ligament, medially: lateral edge of adductor longus (medial compartment), laterally: medial edge of sartorius (anterior compartment)

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9
Q

contents of femoral triangle from lateral to medial (NAV Y-pants)

A

femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein

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10
Q

what does the femoral sheath enclose

A

femoral artery and vein (not nerve)

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11
Q

what does a portion of the femoral sheath form medially

A

femoral canal

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12
Q

where does the adductor (Hunter’s) canal extend from

A

extends on medial aspect of thigh from apex of femoral triangle, then travels down underneath sartorius

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13
Q

what does the adductor canal transmit

A

superficial femoral artery and vein, and saphenous nerve

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14
Q

what forms the adductor canal anteriorly, posteriorly and medially

A

anteriorly: vastus medialis, posteriorly: adductor longus and magnus, medially: sartorius

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15
Q

main artery supplying region

A

external iliac artery

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16
Q

where does iliac artery pass from and under

A

passes from pelvis beneath inguinal ligament

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17
Q

what does external iliac proceed as out of the pelvis

A

femoral artery

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18
Q

where does the femoral artery lie at the level of the inguinal ligament, and clinical significance

A

at mid-inguinal point (half-way between ASIS and pubic symphysis), where it is easily palpable

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19
Q

at the mid-inguinal point, what structure is lateral to the femoral artery

A

femoral nerve

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20
Q

at the mid-inguinal point, what structure is medial to the femoral artery

A

femoral vein

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21
Q

what is the main branch of the femoral artery to the thigh

A

profunda femoris artery

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22
Q

what do the femoral artery and profunda femoris branch give off immediately, and what does it supply

A

circumflex vessels, which supply hip joint

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23
Q

what does the femoral artery proceed as after giving off the profundus femoris artery

A

superficial femoral artery

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24
Q

what does the superficial femoral artery become at the level of the knee, after passing through the hiatus of adductor magnus

A

popliteal artery

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25
Q

main superficial vein in thigh

A

long (great) saphenous vein

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26
Q

where does the long saphenous vein run from to join the deep system

A

medial border of foot -> passes knee on its medial aspect -> passes
up medial aspect of thigh to join the deep system

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27
Q

where does the long saphenous vein join the deep system

A

at the sapheno-femoral junction

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28
Q

where does the long saphenous vein join the deep system having pierced the fascia of the thigh

A

femoral triangle

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29
Q

what does the valve at the sapheno-femoral junction do

A

prevents blood passing from deep to superficial system

30
Q

in what condition is valve at sapheno-femoral junction often faulty or incompetent

A

varicose veins

31
Q

what do the deep veins of the thigh flow into, and where

A

popliteal vein at level of knee

32
Q

what does the popliteal vein run alongside, and what does it form

A

runs alongside popliteal and femoral arteries to form femoral vein

33
Q

in the groin, where does the femoral vein lie in relation to the femoral artery

A

medial

34
Q

what does the femoral vein pass under to form the external iliac vein

A

inguinal ligament

35
Q

where does the femoral vein receive the long saphenous vein at

A

sapheno-femoral junction

36
Q

what does the femoral vein receive proximally to receiving the long saphenous vein

A

venae comitantes of profunda femoris artery

37
Q

what does lymph flow with

A

superficial and deep venous systems

38
Q

what does the superficial lymph system run with

A

long and short saphenous veins

39
Q

location of lymph nodes of superficial lymph system, and name

A

in groin, called superficial inguinal lymph nodes

40
Q

what do the inguinal lymph nodes drain into

A

deep inguinal lymph nodes and external iliac lymph nodes

41
Q

what does the deep system of lymphatic drainage drain alongside, and where does it drain to

A

deep veins to deep inguinal lymph nodes

42
Q

what do the deep inguinal lymph nodes drain into

A

external iliac lymph nodes

43
Q

what spinal levels are knee extensors in general supplied by

A

L3,4

44
Q

what spinal levels are knee flexors in general supplied by

A

L5, S1

45
Q

what is the nerve of the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

femoral nerve

46
Q

what is the femoral nerve supplying the anterior compartment of the thigh derived from

A

posterior divisions of the lumbar plexus (L2,3,4)

47
Q

what is the nerve of the medial compartment of the thigh

A

obturator nerve

48
Q

what is the obturator nerve supplying the medial compartment of the thigh derived from

A

anterior divisions of the lumbar plexus (L2,3,4)

49
Q

what is the nerve of the posterior compartment of the thigh (and all muscles of legs and foot))

A

sciatic nerve

50
Q

what is the sciatic nerve supplying the posterior compartment of the thigh derived from

A

lumbo-sacral plexus (L3,4,5 S1,2)

51
Q

what are the nerves of the gluteal compartment

A

superior and inferior gluteal nerves

52
Q

where is the superior gluteal nerve derived from

A

L4,5 S1

53
Q

where is the inferior gluteal nerve derived from

A

L5 S1,2

54
Q

what does the superior gluteal nerve supply

A

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

55
Q

what does the inferior gluteal nerve supply

A

gluteus maximus

56
Q

what is the dermatomal supply of the anterior area of the thigh (L3 to the knee, L4 to the floor)

A

T12, L1,2,3

57
Q

what is the dermatomal supply of the posterior area of the thigh

A

S1,2,3

58
Q

what is the dermatomal supply of the buttock

A

S2-4

59
Q

what plexus supplies the sensory peripheral supply to the buttock and thigh

A

lumbo-sacral plexus

60
Q

what nerve supplying sensory peripheral supply to buttock and thigh originates at T12

A

subcostal nerve

61
Q

what nerves supplying sensory peripheral supply to buttock and thigh originate at L1

A

ilio-hypogastric nerve, ilio-inguinal nerve

62
Q

what nerve supplying sensory peripheral supply to buttock and thigh originates at L1 and L2

A

genito-femoral nerve

63
Q

what nerve supplying sensory peripheral supply to buttock and thigh originates at L2 and L3

A

lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh

64
Q

what nerves supplying sensory peripheral supply to buttock and thigh originate at L2, L3 and L4

A

sensory branches of femoral nerve, sensory branches of obturator nerve

65
Q

what nerve supplying sensory peripheral supply to buttock and thigh originates at S2 and S3

A

posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

66
Q

what nerve supplying sensory peripheral supply to buttock and thigh originates at L2,3,4

A

saphenous nerve (terminal branch of femoral nerve)

67
Q

what nerves supplying sensory peripheral supply to buttock and thigh originate at L1-S3

A

buttock nerves derived from sacral plexus

68
Q

femur bone type

A

long

69
Q

what is femur hemispherical head covered with

A

hyelin cartilage

70
Q

patellar bone type

A

sesamoid

71
Q

most commonn fracture of femur

A

fracture of femoral neck

72
Q

other common fracture of femur

A

intertrochanteric fracture

Y2 LCRS Anatomy of Limbs (25 decks)

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