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Meharry PHARM > Distribution > Flashcards

Distribution Flashcards

1
Q

what is distribtion

A

Distribution is passage of drug molecules to liquid
compartments and tissues in the body via transportation
across the capillary membrane.

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2
Q

what are the 4 patterns of distribution

A
  1. Distribution only in plasma
  2. Distribution to all body fluids homogenously:
  3. Concentration in specific tissues
  4. Non-homogenous (non-uniform) distribution
    pattern:
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3
Q

alcohol has what kind of distribution

A

Distribution to all body fluids homogenously:

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4
Q

what pattern of distribution do most drugs have

A

Non-homogenous (non-uniform) distribution

pattern

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5
Q

what 4 things Affect the Distribution of

Drugs:

A
  1. Diffusion Rate

2)The Affinity of the Drug to the Tissue
Components

3) Blood Flow (Perfusion Rate)
4) Binding to Plasma Proteins

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6
Q

describe the relationship between diffusion rate of the

drug and the distribution rate

A

There is a positive correlation between the diffusion rate of the
drug and the distribution rate

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7
Q

describe the relationship between blood flow and distribution of drugs

A

There is a positive correlation between the blood flow in the
tissue and the distribution of the drugs.

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8
Q

do Kidney, liver, brain and heart have a high or low perfusion rate ?

A

Kidney, liver, brain and heart have a high perfusion rate (ml/100
g tissue/min) in which the drugs distribute higher;

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9
Q

do skin, resting skeletal muscle and bone have a high or low perfusion
rate?

A

Skin, resting skeletal muscle and bone have a low perfusion

rate.

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10
Q

The total concentration of a drug increases faster in well or perfused organs?

A

The total concentration of a drug increases faster in well perfused organs.
MH

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11
Q

The most important protein that binds thedrugs in blood is ___ for most of the
drugs.

A

The most important protein that binds the drugs in blood is albumin for most of the drugs.

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12
Q

are acidic or basic drugs more likely to bind to albumin

A

acidic

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13
Q

Basic drugs are bound to what kind of plasma proteins

A

Basic drugs (streptomycin, chloramphenicol,
digitoxin, coumarin etc.) are bound to alpha-1
and alpha-2 acid glycoproteins, globulins, and
alpha and beta lipoproteins.

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14
Q

what does saturable mean

A

Saturable: =One plasma protein can bind a limited number of drug
molecule

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15
Q

what does non selective mean ?

A

Non-selective:
More than one kind of drug which has different chemical
structures or pharmacological effects can be bound to the space
on plasma protein

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16
Q

what does reversible mean

A

The bonds between the drug and plasma protein are weak

bonds like hydrogen or ionic bonds.

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17
Q

what is the equation for Volume of Distribution

A

 Vd = Amount of the drug administered /

Initial drug concentration

18
Q

Drugs with large volume of distribution will have a ____ half-life and duration of action

A

Drugs with large volume of distribution will have

a longer half-life and duration of action

19
Q

The volume fluid to which a drug is distributed is known as

A

Volume of Distribution

20
Q

in the 2 compartment model where are the 2 places where drugs can go

A

tissue or plasma

21
Q

drug with low VD are likely found in tissues or plasma

A

plasma

22
Q

drug with low VD are likely found in tissues or plasma

A

tissues

23
Q

what is the priming dose

A

Intended

to achieves Css (super saturated) rapidly, before routine dose is given

24
Q

what is the equation for loading dose

A

DL= Css x Vd

25
Q

describe the acidity and bacisty of most drugs

A

Most of drugs are weak acids or weak bases.

26
Q

The ionization of drugs may markedly ____

their ability to permeate membranes.

A

The ionization of drugs may markedly reduce their ability to permeate membranes.

27
Q

The degree of ionization of drugs is determined

by the surrounding ____ and _____

A

The degree of ionization of drugs is determined

by the surrounding pH and their pKa.

28
Q

(Un-ionized / ionized drugs) ____ drugs are more soluble in lipids ( cell
membranes) than (Un-ionized / ionized drugs) ____ drugs

A

Un-ionized drugs are more soluble in lipids ( cell

membranes) than ionized drugs

29
Q

Acidic drugs are ionized in a ____ environment .

A

Acidic drugs are ionized in basic environment

30
Q

• Basic drugs are ionized in ____environment

A

Basic drugs are ionized in Acidic environment

31
Q

____drugs are ionized in Acidic environment

A

basic

32
Q

____ drugs are ionized in Acidic environment

A

• Basic drugs are ionized in Acidic environment

33
Q

As pH increases, a weak acid will become more
____, lipid ____and will not be
absorbed. Also becomes more water soluble and
better ____

A

As pH increases, a weak acid will become more
and more ionized , lipid insoluble and will not be
absorbed. Also becomes more water soluble and
better excreted

34
Q

what happens to a weak acid as the pH decreases

A

As pH decreases, a weak acid will become more
and more unionized , lipid soluble and better
absorbed .

35
Q

what is Pka

A

pKa is equivalent to the pH at which 50% drug is ionized and 50% is unionized….

36
Q

for a weak acid if Ph- pKA is low will it be better or worse absorbed

A

for a weak acid , if Ph - pka is low it will be more non ionized and better absorbed

37
Q

for a weak base if ph - PKA is high. will it be better or worse absorbed

A

for a weak base if ph - PKA is high. will it be better or worse absorbed

38
Q

he Pka
of acetylsalicylic acid is 3.5. What
percentage of the drug is in a absorbable form in the stomach at pH of 1.5?

A

99%

39
Q

what does it mean to reach steady state

A

rate of administration = rate of elimination

40
Q

what is equation for dose at steady state

A

dose = clearance x plasma concentration

41
Q

how many times does it take for a drug to reach steady state

A

Steady-state occurs after a drug has been given for

approximately 4-5 elimination half lives

42
Q

An IV infusion of a drug is started at 400mg/h.

If Cl = 50L/h, the anticipated plasma conc. @ steady state is

A

8 mg/L

Meharry PHARM (24 decks)

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