Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Child Health > Surgery in Children > Flashcards

Surgery in Children Flashcards

1
Q

When do children with pyloric stenosis present?

A

At about 6 weeks old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does pyloric stenosis present?

A

Projectile vomiting of milk, was previously feeding normally, bumps on abdomen that move downwards, peristalsis visible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why does obstruction occur with a pyloric stenosis?

A

Hypertrophy of muscle of pylorus wall blocks outlet of stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is pyloric stenosis investigated?

A

Ultrasound scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does metabolic disturbance arise in pyloric stenosis?

A

Babies vomit acid which causes metabolic disturbance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is pyloric stenosis treated?

A

Correct metabolic disturbance with fluid before surgery

Cut slit in hypertrophic muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How old are most children when they present with intussusception?

A

6 months old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does intussusception present?

A

Tummy pain that comes in cycles, vomiting food, not pooing, blood coming out of bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What may be seen on the abdomen of a child with intussusception?

A

Bumps above pubic region and in abdomen itself = can feel sausage-like structures on palpation of abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What appearance does the blood in a nappy of a child with intussusception have?

A

Looks like red currant jelly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does intussusception appear on USS?

A

Swirl = target lesion appearance front on, pseudo-kidney appearance from side view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is intussusception?

A

Part of intestine folds into the next part, causing an obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What intervention is tried before surgery to try to correct intussusception?

A

Blow air up anus into intestines = works in 80% of cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How may pain arise in intussusception?

A

Peyer’s patches in bowel wall become inflamed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does appendicitis present?

A

Older child (able to talk), sore tummy, pain is worse with movement, moderate temperature , pain on right side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does pain on movement usually indicate in a child with appendicitis?

A

Associated peritonitis = child usually reports going over speed bumps at hospital made pain worse

17
Q

What is a useful test for peritonitis associated with appendicitis?

A

Ask child to jump up and down = child will either refuse because its too sore or will report pain

18
Q

What treatment does peritonitis call for?

A

Surgery

19
Q

Why may appendicitis cause peritonitis?

A

Inflamed appendix causes local irritation of peritoneum

20
Q

What should you always assume the underlying cause of a baby vomiting moss green fluid is until proven otherwise?

A

Malrotation with volvulus

21
Q

How can you test for malrotation with a volvulus?

A

Put contrast down bowel = if it swirls then there is malrotation

22
Q

Is testicular tortion a surgical emergency?

A

Yes = requires urgent surgery to save testicle

23
Q

How long do you have to save a testicle that has undergone tortion?

A

4 hours

24
Q

What are some causes of a sore scrotum?

A

Testicular tortion, twisted hydatid of Morgagne, epididymo-orchitis

25
Q

How may a twisted hydatid of Morgagne present?

A

Sore swollen scrotum, may be able to see blue dot under skin

26
Q

What is the main cause of the acute scrotum?

A

Twisted hydatid of Morgagne = embryological remnant

27
Q

What may be seen in a patient with epididymo-orchitis?

A

Swollen and red epididymis

28
Q

How does idiopathic scrotal oedema present?

A

Redness extending to peritoneum and groin, not sore, may be achy, tissue may look water-logged

29
Q

What may idiopathic scrotal oedema be related to?

A

Allergic reaction

30
Q

How is idiopathic scrotal oedema treated?

A

Self resolves = may be given anti-histamines and pain killers (no operation needed)

31
Q

What does BXO stand for?

A

Balanitis xerotica obliterans

32
Q

What is BXO?

A

Thin white scaly patch on foreskin = usually scarring, may extend into urethra, often difficulty passing urine

33
Q

How is BXO treated?

A

Circumcision

34
Q

What is hypospadias?

A

Urethra doesn’t come out of the tip of the penis = needs surgery to correct

35
Q

How does a patent processus vaginalis present?

A

Unilateral swelling that isn’t there in the morning but reappears at night, not sore, may appear blue, transilluminates

36
Q

What causes the symptoms of patent processus vaginalis?

A

Tunnels that the testes used to descend of abdomen remains open and fluid is able to fill this space

37
Q

When should a patent processus vaginalis be operated on?

A

If it persists beyond age 4

38
Q

Why is transillumination not a reliable test for patent processus vaginalis in babies?

A

Many things (ie hernias) will transilluminate in babies as the structures in this age group are thin

39
Q

What is a useful test when feeling for a testicle that is “unpalpable”?

A

Smear liquid soap on child and sweep thumb down the canal = teste should bounce back up against thumb if present

Child Health (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions