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body systems > Resp (2) > Flashcards

Resp (2) Flashcards

1
Q

Pharyngeal reflex involves pressure receptors which send an afferent signal where?

A

Brain stem

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2
Q

Continuous Positive airway pressure is a treatment for what?

A

Sleep disordered breathing

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3
Q

nose and pharynx contains what ciliated epithelial cells?

A

pseudostratified

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4
Q

Trachea and Bronchi contains what ciliated epithelial cells?

A

Columnar

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5
Q

Bronchioles contain what ciliated epithelial cell?

A

Cuboidal

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6
Q

what cells release mucins?

A

Goblet cells

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7
Q

What are the two layers found in the conducting system? What is on top?

A

Mucous Layer

Percilliary

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8
Q

The perciliary layer consists of what

A

Water + NaCl

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9
Q

What are the two strokes of cilia?

A

Effective Stroke

Recovery Stroke

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10
Q

What stroke does cilia reside back into after moving mucous?

A

Perciliary

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11
Q

Expectoration?

A

Coughing

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12
Q

Very large particles that are inhaled >8um (2)

A

Pollen / Sawdust

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13
Q

Where is pollen / sawdust desposited?

A

Nose + Pharynx

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14
Q

Name an antimicrobial peptide

A

Human B defensins

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15
Q

IgA can be found in what part of the conducting system

A

Nose + pharynx

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16
Q

Hb primary structure

A

141-166AA

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17
Q

What secondary structure is Hb

A

Globular

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18
Q

Increasing temperature does what to PO2

A

Increases

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19
Q

Increasing pH does what to PO2

A

Decreases

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20
Q

2,3 Diphosphoglycerate does what to PO2

A

Increases PO2

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21
Q

Methaeomoglobin

A

Defective Fe atom

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22
Q

CO2 can be found bound to what (2)

A

Lysine + arginine

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23
Q

Co2 is predominantly found in what form

A

Carbonic/bicarbonate form

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24
Q

Hamburger Shift

A

HCO3 exchanged for chloride ion

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25
Q

Haldane effect

A

deoxygenated blood carries more CO2 than oxygenated blood

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26
Q

What is the fast response to acid base balance

A

Respriatory

Via ventiliation

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27
Q

What is the slow response to acid base balance

A

Renal

excretion of H+

28
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

low CO2

Normal HCO3

29
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A

High CO2

High HCO3

30
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A

normal CO2

High HCO3

31
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

Low CO2

Low HCO3

32
Q

What can cause Respiratory acidosis

A

Ventilation failure

33
Q

What can cause Respiratory alkalosis

A

Hyperventilation

34
Q

What can cause metabolic acidosis

A

Vomiting / Gaviscon overload

Getting rid of too many H+ ions

35
Q

What can cause metabolic alkalosis

A

Renal failure

Diabetic ketoacidosis / shock

36
Q

Upper airway structures (3)

A

Nasal cavaties / Nasopharynx / Oropharynx

37
Q

Lower airway structures (3)

A

Larynx / Trachea / Bronchi

38
Q

Lung bud stems from what

A

Respiratory Diverticulum

39
Q

Tracheosophageal Ridges separates into what (2)

what day?

A

Respiratory Diverticulum + foregut

Day 22

40
Q

Trachea stems from what

A

Respiratory Diverticulum

41
Q

85-90% of Tracheosophageal Fistulas are what

A

Oesophageal atresia

42
Q

What occurs in oesophageal atresia

A

Distal part of oesophagus connected to trachea

Food can enter trachea

43
Q

in H type Tracheosophageal Fistulas (TOF), what occurs

A

Milk can enter respiratory systems

44
Q

What are the associated problems with TOF (7)

A

VACTERL

Vertebral / Anal / Cardiac / Trachea / Oesophageal / Renal / Limb

45
Q

on day 28, what occurs to the bronchial buds

A

Right / Left bronchial buds are formed

46
Q

on day 30, what occurs to the bronchial buds

A

Secondary Bronchial Buds form (3R + 2L)

47
Q

Day 38, what forms? How many on each side?

A

Tertiary Bronchial buds

10R + 8L

48
Q

What week does terminal bronchioles form

A

week 16

49
Q

What week does respriatory bronchioles form

A

Week 26

50
Q

What week does alveoli first start to develop?

When do they stop forming

A

Week 36

36wks-8yrs

51
Q

the Epithelium of the lung is derived from what

A

foregut

52
Q

SM ? Cartilage / CT / Capillaries are formed from what

A

Visceral mesoderm

53
Q

Pulmonary Agenesis

Caused by?

A

One primary bronchi forms

Lung buds fail to split

54
Q

Pulmonary Hypoplasia

Found in?

A

All components present, not formed correctly

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

55
Q

What forms in branching morphogenesis

A

Azygos lobe

56
Q

4 stages of maturation of the lung in order

A

Pseudoglandular (P)
canalicular (C)
Saccular (S)
Alveolar (A)

Potato Catcher Sounds Awesome

57
Q

Pseudoglandular stage occurs in what weeks?

Whats formed

A

Weeks 5-17

Terminal Bronchioles

58
Q

Canalicular stage occurs in what weeks?

What is formed

A

weeks 16-25

Respiratory Bronchioles

59
Q

Saccular stage occurs in what weeks?

What is formed

A

Weeks 26-birth

ALveoli

60
Q

Type 1 Pneumocytes do what

Type 2 do what?

A

type 1 = gaseous exchange

Type 2 = surfactant

61
Q

Alveoli stage occur when

A

Weeks 36-8years

62
Q

What % of mature alveoli dont develop until after birth

A

95%

63
Q

Breathing in utero role?

Kicking in utero role?

A

Remove amniotic fluid

Starts muscle of respiration

64
Q

if baby is born <26wks, pronosis of child with respriatory distress syndrome?

A

Bad

65
Q

Glucocorticosteroids can be used in RDS why?

A

Accelerates lung development + surfactant production

66
Q

Surfactant (… + …) can be given for RDS

A

A + B

body systems (9 decks)

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