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body systems > Cardiology (1) > Flashcards

Cardiology (1) Flashcards

1
Q

Brachiocephalic Trunk stems into what 2 arteries

A

Right sub Clav

Right Carotid

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2
Q

The anterior inter-ventricular artery stems from what

A

Left coronary Artery

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3
Q

The post-ventricular artery stems from what

A

Right Coronary Artery

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4
Q

the Iliac crest branches off where (L)

A

L4

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5
Q

Where does the aorta go through the diaphragm (T)

A

T12

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6
Q

What is coarctation of aorta

A

Decreasing blood flow to inferior body via stenosis

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7
Q

Deep veins structure (

A

Duplicated / Triplicated

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8
Q

in terms of lymphatic systems, what is found abundant in the capillaries

A

Lymphatic plexuses

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9
Q

the circulatory system consists of what (2)

A

Cardiovascular system

Lymphatic system

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10
Q

formation of the heart begins on what day

A

day 22

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11
Q

The epicardium + myocardium dervives from what

A

visceral mesoderm

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12
Q

Vasculogenesis

A

angioblasts differentiating into endothelial cells

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13
Q

Vasculogenesis occurs on what 2 days?

A

Day 17 + 18

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14
Q

What causes visceral / splanchnic mesoderm into angioblasts

A

Endoderm

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15
Q

When angioblasts differentiate into endothelial cells, what forms

A

2x Endocardial tubes

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16
Q

How is the primitive heart tube formed

A

Fusion of the 2x Endocardial tubes

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17
Q

How is the myocardium formed

A

Visceral mesoderm surrounding primitive heart tube

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18
Q

How is cardiac jelly formed

A

Secretion of CT from myocardium

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19
Q

The bulbus Cordis consists of what (2)

A

Truncus Arteriosus

Conus Arteriosus

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20
Q

The pericardial cavity consists of what (3)

A

Primitive Ventricle

Conus Arteriosus

Truncus Arteriosus

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21
Q

What does the sinus venosus form

A

Atrium walls Right

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22
Q

Smooth part of atrium is formed from what

Rough part of atrium is formed from what?

A

Sinus Venosus

Primitive atrium

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23
Q

Border between trabeculated + sinus vernarum (smooth part)

A

Crista Terminalis

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24
Q

The majority of the ventricular wall is formed from what?

A

Primitive ventricle

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25
Q

The trabeculated part of the ventricle is called what

A

Trabeculae carneae

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26
Q

Smooth walls of ventricles are formed from what

A

Conus arteriosus

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27
Q

Intussuception is what

By what week does intussuception forme

A

4 pulmonary veins incorporated into wall of L.atrium

Wk5

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28
Q

What seperates the L +R atrium?

Where does it outgrow from

A

Septum Primum

Dorsal wall

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29
Q

The foramen primum is what

A

connection between L+R atrium

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30
Q

What do cushions form from?

What do these fuse together to form?

A

Endothelium boundary expanding

Atrioventricular septum

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31
Q

foraman ovale forms from what structure

A

Septum secundum

32
Q

Foraman ovale allows what

A

blood to bypass lungsd

33
Q

Where does the interventricular septum grow into?

What portion does the growing

A

Drives into the interventricular foramen

Muscular portion

34
Q

What completes the closing of the gap between LV + RV

A

Membranous part

35
Q

What forms the aorta + pulmonary trunk

A

Truncus Arteriosus

36
Q

How does the truncus arteriosus form the Aorta + pulmonary trunk

A

Via endocardial swellings and Conotruncal ridges spiralling around each other

37
Q

What seperates outflow of LV + RV?

What cells form these

A

Conotruncal Septum

Neural Crest Cells

38
Q

What vein allows bypassing of liver in a foetus

A

Ductus venosus

39
Q

What allow blood entering pulmonary artery to bypass lung to go straight into aorta

A

Ductus arteriosus

40
Q

What causes closure of ductus venosus?

WHat does this form in the liver

A

Termination of umbilical cord

Ligamentum Venosum

41
Q

Closure of the foraman ovale is caused by what?

What does this form

A

Pulmonary pressure changes

Fossa Ovalis

42
Q

What causes the ductus arteriosus to close?

WHat does this form

A

first breaths

Ligamentum arteriosum

43
Q

What bundle is responsible for connection between the SAN and the Left Atria

A

Bachmans bundle

44
Q

At phase 0, what occurs

A

Na Channels open

45
Q

At phase 1, what occurs

A

Na Channels close

46
Q

at phase 2, what occurs

A

Calcium channels open

K+ channels close

47
Q

At phase 3, what occurs

A

Calcium channels close

K+ channels open

48
Q

At phase 4, what occurs

A

Resting potential

49
Q

Primary functional pacemaker?

What its beats/min

A

SAN

100

50
Q

Secondary functional pacemaker?

What its beats/min

A

AVN

40

51
Q

Tertiary functional pacemaker

What its beats/min

A

Purkinje Fibres

20

52
Q

Na+ channel blockers are what class type of drug

Give an example

A

Class 1

Quinidiene

53
Q

Calcium channel blockers are what class type of drug

Give an example

A

class 4

Verapamil

54
Q

K channel blockers are what class type of drug

Give an example

A

Class 3

Amiodarone

55
Q

B blocker are what class type

Give an example

A

Class 2

Propranolol

56
Q

AVN delay

A

100ms

57
Q

Ventricular Depolarization occurs when

A

QRS complex

58
Q

Ventricular Repolarization occurs when

A

T wave

59
Q

Difference between elastic and muscular artery

A

Large lumen on elastic

60
Q

The tunica media appears to be what in Arteries>

A

Wavy

61
Q

What is absent in veins

A

Internal + external elastic membrane

62
Q

continuous capillaries are found where

A

BBB + Most tissues

63
Q

What do continuous capillaries have in their membrane

A

Intercellular clefts

64
Q

Fenestrated capillaries are found where (3)

A

Small intestine + kidneys + endocrine organs

65
Q

Sinusoid capillaries are found where (3)

A

Liver + Spleen + lymph nodes

66
Q

Virchows Triad consists of what

A

Abnormal Blood flow

Endothelial injury

hypercoagulability

67
Q

Frictionless flow can be found where

A

veins . venules

68
Q

Laminar flow can be found where

A

arteries

69
Q

Turbulent flow can be found where

A

Aorta

70
Q

Systolic BP definition

A

Maximal aortic pressure following ejection

71
Q

mean arterial pressure + equation

A

Avg. BP in one cardiac cycle

CO x TPR

72
Q

Increasing blood flow (dilators x3)

A

Low O2

High CO2

High Temp

73
Q

Decreasing blood flow (constrictors x2)

A

PG

Leukocytes

74
Q

2 types of true aneurysms

A

Saccular

Fusiform

75
Q

arterial thrombi consists of

A

platelets

76
Q

Venous thrombi consists of

A

RBC

Red

body systems (9 decks)

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