Chapter 10

Question 1

What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?

Answer 1

Chromatin: Lunchroom
Chromosomes: Seating Chart

Question 2

How do living things grow?

Answer 2

By producing more cells.

Question 3

What happens when the cell becomes larger?

Answer 3

To much demand on the DNA.

The cell has more trouble moving enough nutrients and wastes across the cell membrane.

Question 4

DNA does not get bigger, so what happens?

Answer 4

It gets to big to send a receive information in a timely manner.

Question 5

Define Surface Area

Answer 5

The area showing on an object.

Question 6

What increases faster; Cell volume or surface area?

Answer 6

Cell volume.

Question 7

Right before a cell gets too large it divides into what?

Answer 7

Two daughter cells.

This is called cell division.

Question 8

Define Mitosis

Answer 8

Division of the cell nucleus.

Question 9

Cytokinesis

Answer 9

Division of cytoplasm.

Form of asexual reproduction.

Question 10

What are chromosomes made f?

Answer 10

DNA

Question 11

When is the only time chromosomes are visible?

Answer 11

During cell division.

Question 12

What is the centromere for?

Answer 12

Acts as a rope or halter.

Question 13

List and describe the 4 phases of cell division.

Answer 13

M: Mitosis and cytokinesis.
G¹: Growth and activity.
S: Synthesis or replication
G²: Growth and activity.

Question 14

Interphase

Answer 14

Normal cell growth before division.

Question 15

During G¹ the cell increases in size and makes proteins and organelles.
During S phase chromosomes replicate and synthesis of DNA takes place.
During the shortest phase, G², the organelles, and molecules needed for cell division are produced.

Answer 15

During G¹ the cell increases in size and makes proteins and organelles.
During S phase chromosomes replicate and synthesis of DNA takes place.
During the shortest phase, G², the organelles, and molecules needed for cell division are produced.

Question 16

List and describe the 4 phases of mitosis.

Answer 16

Prophase: Chromosomes become visible.
Metaphase: Chromosomes line up in the middle.
Anaphase: Chromosomes separate and sets are pulled towards poles.
Telophase: Chromosomes disperse into chromatin.

Question 17

The nucleolus disappears and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

Answer 17

The nucleolus disappears and the nuclear envelope breaks down during prophase.

Question 18

Cytokinesis

Answer 18

Usually, cell membrane pinches inward until two cells are made.
Separate cytoplasm.

Question 19

What happens when certain cells come in contact?

Answer 19

When cells come in contact with other cells, they respond by not growing.

Question 20

What is cyclin?

Answer 20

a protein that would cause a spindle to form (start mitosis).
Regulates the timing of cells.

Question 21

How many cells also regulate timing?

Answer 21

Dozens

Question 22

What are internal regulators?

Answer 22

Internal regulators are proteins that respond to events inside the cell.

Question 23

What are external regulators?

Answer 23

External regulators are proteins that respond to events outside the cell.

Question 24

What is cancer?

Answer 24

Disorder in which cells lose the ability to control growth.

Mitosis gone wild.

Question 25

What are tumors?

Answer 25

Masses of cells.

Question 26

Causes of cancer?

Answer 26

Many causes from tobacco, radiation, viruses, etc.

Question 27

Many have a defect in p53 genes which normally halts cell cycle.

Answer 27

Many have a defect in p53 genes which normally halts cell cycle.