Chapter 11

Question 1

Inheritance

Answer 1

Traits passed down from your parents.

Question 2

Genetics

Answer 2

The scientific study of heredity.

Traits passed down.

Question 3

Gregor Mendel

Answer 3

Father of genetics.

Question 4

Fertilizations

Answer 4

Male and female reproductive cells join.

Question 5

Flowers gametes are

Answer 5

Male- Pollen

Female- Egg

Question 6

Flowers usually self pollinate so

Answer 6

offspring is the same as the parents.

This is called true breeding.

Question 7

Trait

Answer 7

Specific characteristics.

Question 8

P generation

Answer 8

The parents, what it starts with.

Question 9

Filia and Fillus

Answer 9

Daughter and son.

Question 10

Hybrids

Answer 10

Crosses of parents with different traits.

Question 11

Alleles

Answer 11

Different forms of genes.

Question 12

Mendel’s Test

Answer 12

Took a tall and crossed it with a short (young p generation)

He got all short for F¹.

Question 13

At fist Mendel was confused, but what happened?

Answer 13

There are dominant and recessive genes.

Question 14

Dominant

Answer 14

Covers up the other trait. It shows because it is stronger.

Question 15

Recessive

Answer 15

Covered by the other one. It only shows if both are recessive.

Question 16

What do genes come in?

Answer 16

Pairs

Question 17

Gametes

Answer 17

Sex Cells

Question 18

Segregation

Answer 18

Separation

Question 19

Probability

Answer 19

The likelihood of something happening, chance.

Question 20

What can probability be used for?

Answer 20

To predict the outcome of genetic crosses.

Question 21

Punnet Squares

Answer 21

Used to predict and compare the genetic variations of genetic crosses.

Question 22

Homozygous

Answer 22

Two indentical alleles (TT, tt)

Question 23

Heterozygous

Answer 23

Two different alleles (Tt)

Question 24

Phenotype

Answer 24

Physical charecteristics, adjectives (tall or short).

Question 25

Genotype

Answer 25

Genetic makeup, the letters (TT, Tt, tt).

Question 26

What does the principle of independent assortment state?

Answer 26

That genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.

Question 27

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 27

One allele is not completley dominant over the other.

Question 28

Codominance

Answer 28

Both alleles show phenotype.

Question 29

Multiple Alleles

Answer 29

Genes having more than two alleles affecting it.

Question 30

Polygenetic Traits

Answer 30

Traits controlled by many genes.

Question 31

Genes help determine traits along with?

Answer 31

Environment

Question 32

Mendel did not know that genes are located where?

Answer 32

On chromosomes in the cell nucleus.

Question 33

Homologous

Answer 33

Two sets of chromosomes matching from parents.

Question 34

Diploid

Answer 34

2N

Question 35

Haploid

Answer 35

N

Question 36

Meiosis

Answer 36

Process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.

Question 37

Interphase I

Answer 37

DNA Duplicates

Question 38

Meiosis I

Answer 38

Prophase I: Chromosome pairs with corresponding homologous chromosome.
Metaphase I: Spindle fibers attach in middle.
Anaphase I: Fibers pull chromosomes towards poles.
Telophase I and Cytokinesis: Membranes form and separate into 2 cells.

Question 39

Meiosis II

Answer 39

Prophase II: Divides into two haploid cells.
Metaphase II: Chromosomes line up in the middle.
Anaphase II: Spindle pulls towards poles.
Telophase II and Cytokinesis: Result of four haploid cells.

Question 40

What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis?

Answer 40

Mitosis results in two genetically identical diploid cells.

Meiosis results in four genetically different haploid cells.

Question 41

Gene Map

Answer 41

Shows the relative location of each known gene.