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Spinal Anatomy > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Radiculopathy

A

Altered function of a nerve root

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2
Q

Myelopathy

A

Altered function of the Sprinal Cord

  • either trauma or inflammatory (myelitis)
  • can be spinal cord compression or encephalitis
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3
Q

Neuropathy

A

Any conviction that effects the nervous system

-usually pathology of CNS or PNS

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4
Q

Myopathy

A

Muscle tissue pathology

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5
Q

Congenital Pathology

A

Developed during embryo

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6
Q

Acquired

A

Developed Over time

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7
Q

Iatrogenic Pathology

A

Physician induced

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8
Q

Idiopathic

A

No known cause of pathology

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9
Q

Etiology

A

Cause of the disorder

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10
Q

Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

A

Can be effected by decreased permeability
Proteoglycans responsible for hydration of disc can decrease
Collage can suffer fragmentation

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11
Q

Vertebral Bodies Degeneration

A

Cancellous Bone inside the body can change

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12
Q

Facet Joint Degeneration

A

Only true join in spinal chord, synovial fluid around it

Posterior load bearing structure, as disks degenerate, load transferred to them which they’re not able to handle

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13
Q

Muscle and Ligament Degeneration

A

Muscles weaken, puts more stress on ligaments

Lead to premature spine disk degeneration, compression fractures, and spinal stenosis

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14
Q

Disk Degeneration

A
  1. Nuclear and annual fibers hard to distinguish
  2. Increased collagen content with disc
  3. Decreased cellular and metabolic activity
  4. Low vascular it’s makes annulus vulnerable to tears irritating the nerves
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15
Q

Biomechanical change

A

One disc degenerating causes uneven load across spine, inflammation causes spine to lean forward

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16
Q

Instability

A

Mild to sever symptoms with no provocation

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17
Q

Two Types of Spine pathology

A

Containment problems, and structural problems

18
Q

Short Pedicle Syndrome

A

Congenital, very narrow spinal canal

19
Q

Neural Tube Defect

A

Congenital, bific neural tube

20
Q

SPine Bifida Occula

A

Posterior bony elements to not complete form, weak posterior column predisposition for slippages called isthmus spodylolisthesis

21
Q

Scoliosis

A

Paraspinous muscles develop asymmetrically, causing spine to develop curve

22
Q

Subsidence

A

Iatrogenic, settling or collapsing hardware causing structure damage and collapse of cortical bone

23
Q

Instability

A

Can result from surgical decompression

24
Q

Spinal Stenosis

A

Narrowing of opening of spinal column

25
Q

Achondroplastic

A

Increased vertebral thickness, Concavity of soma, short pedicles

26
Q

Constitutional

A

Congenital variance

27
Q

Degenerative

A

Gradual hypertrophy of vertebral body margins, facet joins, ligamentum flavum

28
Q

Combine

A

Mid sagittal diameter ?

29
Q

Neurogenic Claudication

A

Cause of pain in Spinal Stenosis is nerve compression

30
Q

Vascular Claudication

A

If circulation is the issue in Spinal Stenosis

31
Q

Degeneration

A

Bulge of nucleus pulposis within the annulus fibrosis

32
Q

Protrusion/prolapse

A

Displaced nuclear material within disc creates a bulge in the annulus

33
Q

Extrusion

A

Displaced nucleus material reaches spinal cord through the Annulus Fibrosis, materials are still attached to disc

34
Q

Sequestration

A

Material from Nucleus pulposis is free of the disc through the annulus fibrosis in fragments

35
Q

Reason Intervertebral discs don’t degenerate quickly or heal properly

A

Lack of proper blood to restore it, avascular so all nutrition must be absorbed through vertebral endplates

36
Q

Scoliosis

A

Curvature of the spine on the sagittal plane

37
Q

Neuromuscular Scoliosis

A

Caused by neural pathways of the body, progression more frequently, can be debilitating

38
Q

Idiopathic Scoliosis

A

Infantile, 0-3
Juvenile, 4-10
Adolescent; 10-13

39
Q

Kyphosis

A

Forward rounding of upper back

40
Q

Postural Kyphosis

A

Bad posture, accompanied w/ hyper lordosis of the lower back

41
Q

Schenermann’s kyphosis;

A

10-15, caused by deformed vertebrae

42
Q

Congenital Kyphosis

A

Back doesn’t develop properly in the womb

Spinal Anatomy (24 decks)

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