Biomaterials

Question 1

Fundamentals of Bone Tissue

Answer 1

Structural Support
Protection of Vital Organs
Environment for Bone Marrow
Mineral Reservoir
Movement

Question 2

Bone Breakdown

Answer 2

Inorganic, 67%
-Hydroxyapatite, mostly minerals that give bone strength
Organic, 33%
-28% collagen
-5% noncollagenous protein

Question 3

Stem Cells

Answer 3

Can multiply into other stem cells or differentiate into different cells

Question 4

Osteoclasts

Answer 4

Resort old bones, come from Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Question 5

Osteoblasts

Answer 5

Build new bone, come from mesenchymal stem cells, differentiate from osteoprogenitor cells

Question 6

Osteocytes

Answer 6

Osteoblasts trapped in new bone structure, mature bone cells

Question 7

Bone Remodeling

Answer 7

Activiation; Osteoprogenitors diff. Into osteoblasts to build new one
Resorption; Osteoclasts break down old bone
Formation; Osteoblasts build new bone matrix
Mineralization: osteoblasts trapped in new matrix as osteocytes, mineral content increases

Question 8

Bone Grafts

Answer 8

Fix problems with joints due to trauma, age, etc
Grown bone around devices
Fill void where bone is absent
Promote spinal fusion

Question 9

Bone graft healing

Answer 9

1. Bone graft place in contact with bleeding (roughened ) bone
2. Cells and blood vessels penetrate graft
3. Bone formation begins at endplates through graft (creeping substitution)
4. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts remake fusion mass into load bearing cortical bone

Question 10

Osteogenic

Answer 10

Cells that differentiate into bone forming cells

-Autograph, bone marrow aspirate (BMA) mesenchymal stem cells

Question 11

Osteoconductive

Answer 11

Scaffold for cells

-autograft, allograft, collagen, ceramics

Question 12

Osteoinductive

Answer 12

• contains material that induces stem cells to differentiate into osteoblasts
• autograft, growth factors, BMPs, DMB

Question 13

Osteostimulative

Answer 13

Accelerates bone formation

-active bone formation