Chapter 5.2 and 5.3

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that occupies space and has masss

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

Contains protons and neutrons

Question 3

Protons

Answer 3

Positively charged particles

Question 4

Neutrons

Answer 4

Have no charge

Question 5

Electrons

Answer 5

Negatively charged particles which surrounds the nucleus of an atom.

Question 6

Atoms with the same number of _____ are all the same type of chemical ____.

Answer 6

Protons, element.

Question 7

An element may have many _____: atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of ____.

Answer 7

Isotopes, neutrons.

Question 8

Molecules

Answer 8

Groups of atoms bound together by shared electrons.

Question 9

Bohr Model

Answer 9

Proposed by Niels Bohr. An incomplete model with likens the atom to that of the solar system with the nucleus at the center and electrons orbiting around the nucleus.

Question 10

What is incomplete about the Bohr Model?

Answer 10

Electrons are smeared around the nucleus in a quantum mechanical clouds of probability. It is impossible to simultaneously pin down their exact location and velocity.

Question 11

What is a good analogy for atomic energy levels

Answer 11

A book case. Atoms can take different energy levels, but cannot take levels in between. The states in other words are discrete.

Question 12

Ground State

Answer 12

The lowest possible energy state for a system. E1 The electron has minimal energy Will remain at the lowest energy state unless it gets energy from outside.

Question 13

Excited States

Answer 13

Energy levels above the ground state.

Question 14

Decay

Answer 14

When an electron goes from a higher energy state to a lower energy state. Usually by emitting a photon.

Question 15

Emission

Answer 15

Where a photon is released when an electron decays from a higher energy state to a lower energy state.

Question 16

How is color related to energy states.

Answer 16

Atoms can only emit light at certain wavelengths due to electrons decaying form one energy state to another.

Question 17

Emission Line

Answer 17

The line(s) of emitted light from atoms corresponding to the light created when light is emitted.

Question 18

Continuous spectrum

Answer 18

White light spreads out to rainbows of colors when passing through a prism.

Question 19

Absorption.

Answer 19

The process by which atoms capture the energy of passing photons.

Question 20

Absorption Line

Answer 20

The dark line seen in spectrum caused by atoms absorbing certain wavelengths of light.

Question 21

Why may you observe an emission line and an absorption line for the same gas when looking at it in different directions?

Answer 21

Light can be absorbed and readmitted by atoms, but the direct changes as a result. So you may see an absorption line when viewing from one angle but a emission line when looking at the same gas from another angle.

Question 22

How are emission lines and absorption lines useful to scientists.

Answer 22

Allows us to understand the composition of distant objects. Because all hydrogen atoms have the same energy states available to them and thus have the same emission and absorption lines. Can also measure the abundance of elements based on the strength of the lines. Can also determine the temperature, density, and pressure of the material .

Question 23

Solar Abundance

Answer 23

The relative abundance of materials in the sun which is used as a standard reference for other objects.

Question 24

T/F When an atom decays can be predicted by scientists.

Answer 24

False, scientists can estimate the average time for an atom to decay but the decay happens at a random moment and cannot be predicted with absolute certainty. .

Question 25

Doppler Effect

Answer 25

The change in wavelength of sound or light as a result of the relative motion of the source towards or away form the observer.

Question 26

Rest Wavelength

Answer 26

The wavelength of light that is seen coming form an object at rest with respect to the observer.

Question 27

Doppler Shift

Answer 27

The amount by which the Doppler effect shifts the wavelength of light.

Question 28

Radial Velocity

Answer 28

The component of velocity directed towards or away form the observer. + further away - closer.

Question 29

Blueshift

Answer 29

The Doppler shift towards shorter blue wavelengths of light from an approaching object.

Question 30

Redshift

Answer 30

The Doppler shift towards longer wavelengths of light from an approaching object.

Question 31

Reflected Light

Answer 31

Occurs when Light reflects off a surface of an object.

Question 32

Scattered Light

Answer 32

Occurs when light encounters tiny particles and is redirected.

Question 33

Refracted Light

Answer 33

Occurs when light flows through a different medium and is bent. Rainbows and prisms.