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Anatomy and Physiology Honors 2 > Integumentary test part 1 > Flashcards

Integumentary test part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two major components of the integumentary system?

A

the cutaneous membrane and the accessory structures

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2
Q

what is the main organ in the cutaneous membrane?

A

the skin

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3
Q

what are the accessory structures?

A

hair, nails, and exocrine glands

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4
Q

what are the five major functions of the integument?

A

protection, temperature maintenance, synthesis and storage of nutrients, sensory reception, and excretion/secretion

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5
Q

Where is thick skin found?

A

soles of feet and palms of hands

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6
Q

Where is thin skin found?

A

everywhere other than soles and palms

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7
Q

How many layers are in thick skin?

A

5 layers

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8
Q

How many layers are in thin skin?

A

4 layers

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9
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis? (bottom to top)

A

stratum germinativum (basale), stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

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10
Q

What happens in the stratum germinativum?

A

cell growth, mitosis

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11
Q

Which cells are located in the stratum germinativum?

A

germinative cells

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12
Q

What is another cell produced in the germinativum?

A

melanocytes

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13
Q

What do melanocytes do?

A

synthesize melanin, substance that pigments skin

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14
Q

what happens in the stratum spinosum?

A

cells may continue to divide and add to thickness

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15
Q

What happens in the stratum granulosum?

A

cells no longer divide and begin to produce large amounts keratin, a protein

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16
Q

True or False. Keratin is extremely durable and water-resistant.

A

True

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17
Q

What does Keratin do?

A

coat the skin and form structures of hair, calluses, and nails

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18
Q

What color is the stratum lucidum considered and what is it?

A

clear, consists of flattened keratin filled cells

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19
Q

What is the stratum corneum?

A

layer of dead flattened cells that are keratinized, or cornified

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20
Q

How many layers are in the stratum corneum?

A

15-30 layers

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21
Q

what is carotene?

A

an orange-yellow pigment found in epidermal cells

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22
Q

What vitamin can carotene be converted into?

A

Vitamin A

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23
Q

True or False. UV radiation stimulates the synthesis of vitamin D3.

A

True

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24
Q

What pigment helps prevent skin damage?

A

Melanin

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25
Q

What is the papillary layer?

A

loose connective tissue that supports and nourishes the epidermis

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26
Q

What is the reticular layer?

A

consists of interwoven mesh work of elastic fibers and collagen fibers

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27
Q

What does the subcutaneous layer consist of?

A

loose connective tissue and fat cells

28
Q

where is hair located?

A

every except soles of feet and palms of hand, etc

29
Q

Where are hairs produced?

A

hair follicles

30
Q

what is the hair papilla?

A

where connective tissue contains capillaries and nerves

31
Q

What is the cuticle (hair)?

A

the surface layer of the hair

32
Q

What is the cortex (hair)?

A

the layer beneath the surface layer

33
Q

What is the medulla (hair)?

A

the core of the hair

34
Q

What is the muscle that stimulates the hair?

A

arrector pili

35
Q

What are the two types of exocrine glands?

A

sebaceous and sweat glands

36
Q

What is a sebaceous gland?

A

and oil gland/ holocrine glands that secretes oil onto the hair or even the skin

37
Q

What is the secretion from a sebaceous gland called?

A

sebum

38
Q

What are large sebaceous glands prone to developing?

A

acne

39
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A

apocrine and merocrine

40
Q

Where are apocrine sweat glands located?

A

armpits, nipples and the groin

41
Q

What is another name for merocrine sweat glands?

A

eccrine sweat glands

42
Q

True or False. Merocrine sweat glands are more numerous and widely distributed.

A

True

43
Q

What percentage of water is the sweat that secretes from merocrine sweat glands?

A

99%

44
Q

What is the primary function of merocrine gland activity?

A

to cool down the body

45
Q

What are nails?

A

the dorsal surfaces of the fingers and toes that are made of hardened keratin

46
Q

What is the nail body?

A

dense mass of dead keratinized cells

47
Q

What does the nail body cover?

A

the nail bed

48
Q

Where does nail production take place?

A

nail root

49
Q

What are the folds of the stratum corneum that exposes the nail nearest to the root called?

A

the cuticle

50
Q

What is the lunula?

A

the pale crescent where blood vessels are obscured

51
Q

What is a scab?

A

a blood clot that forms at the surface of a cut

52
Q

What is granulation tissue?

A

combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and capillary networks

53
Q

What is scar tissue?

A

inflexible, fibrous, non cellular tissue

54
Q

What is a keloid?

A

A thickened area of scar tissues

55
Q

What is the first step of a healing cut?

A

bleeding occurs at the site and mast cells trigger inflammatory response

56
Q

What is the second step of healing a cut?

A

a scab forms and the stratum germinativum cells migrate along the edges of the wound. Phagocytic cells remove debris and clotting isolates the region

57
Q

What is the third step of a healing cut?

A

the scab is undermined by epidermal cells migrating over the meshwork produced by fibroblast. Phagocytic activity has almost ended.

58
Q

What is the final step of a healing cut?

A

The scab has completely shed and the epidermis is complete. A depression marks the injury and fibroblasts continue to create scar tissue.

59
Q

True or False. Skin injuries and infection aren’t more common with age.

A

False. They are more common.

60
Q

True or False. The sensitivity of the immune system in increased.

A

False. It is decreased.

61
Q

True or False. Muscle become weaker and bone strength decreases.

A

True.

62
Q

True or False. Sensitivity to sun exposure increases.

A

True.

63
Q

True or False. The skin is rarely dry and scaly.

A

False. It is often dry and scaly.

64
Q

True or False. Hair thins and changes color.

A

True.

65
Q

True or False. Sagging and wrinkling of the skin occurs.

A

True.

66
Q

True or False. The ability to lose heat increases.

A

False. It decreases.

67
Q

True or False. Skin repairs are slower.

A

True.

Anatomy and Physiology Honors 2 (17 decks)

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