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Anatomy and Physiology Honors 2 > Sense Organ Test Part 2 > Flashcards

Sense Organ Test Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What picks up sensory information?

A

sensory receptors

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2
Q

what is the simplest receptor?

A

dendrites of sensory receptors

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3
Q

what are the branching tips of the dendrites called?

A

free nerve endings

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4
Q

what is the area monitored by a single receptor cell called?

A

receptive field

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5
Q

What is arriving information in the CNS called?

A

a sensation

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6
Q

Where does touch pressure pain temperature and taste arrive at?

A

primary sensory cortex

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7
Q

where does visual auditory and olfactory information arrive?

A

the visual auditory and olfactory regions of the cortex

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8
Q

What is the awareness of sensation called?

A

perception

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9
Q

What is adaptation?

A

a reduction in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus

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10
Q

What are the general senses?

A

temperature, pain, touch, pressure, vibrations, and proprioception

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11
Q

What is proprioception?

A

the body position

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12
Q

what are the special senses?

A

smell, taste, vision, balance, and hearing

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13
Q

What are nociceptors?

A

pain receptors

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14
Q

What are nociceptors sensitive to?

A

temperature extremes, mechanical damage, or dissolved chemicals

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15
Q

what are thermoreceptors?

A

free nerve ending located in the dermis, skeletal muscle, liver, and hypothalamus

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16
Q

what are mechanoreceptors?

A

tension and pressure receptors

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17
Q

what are the three classes of mechanoreceptors?

A

tactile receptors/touch receptors, baroreceptors/pressure, and proprioceptors/position

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18
Q

what do tactile receptors provide sensations of?

A

touch, pressure, and vibration

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19
Q

What is the root hair plexus?

A

made of free nerve endings that are stimulated by hair displacement

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20
Q

What is another name for tactile discs?

A

Merkel’s discs

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21
Q

What are Merkel’s discs?

A

fine touch and pressure receptors

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22
Q

What is another word for tactile corpuscles?

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

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23
Q

What are Meissner’s corpuscles?

A

they are sensitive to fine touch and pressure and to low frequency vibration

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24
Q

What are lamellated corpuscles/ pacinian corpuscles?

A

large receptors sensitive to deep pressure and to pulsing or high frequency vibration

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25
Q

What are Ruffini corpuscles?

A

they are sensitive to pressure and distortion of the skin

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26
Q

What are baroreceptors?

A

provide information essential to the regulation of autonomic activity by monitoring changes in pressure

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27
Q

What are proprioceptors?

A

balance, positions, direction, found in ears

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28
Q

What are chemoreceptors?

A

receptors that pick up chemicals on the tongue

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29
Q

Where are taste receptors/ gustatory receptors located?

A

the surface of the tongue and adjacent portions of the pharynx and larynx

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30
Q

What are taste buds?

A

taste receptors and specialized epithelial cells that form from sensory structures

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31
Q

What are papillae?

A

the structures that protect the taste buds

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32
Q

what does each taste bud contain?

A

gustatory cells and supporting cells

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33
Q

What is the narrow opening that taste microvilli extend into?

A

taste pore

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34
Q

What are the four primary taste sensations?

A

sweet, salty, sour, and bitter

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35
Q

What are the two addition taste discovered in humans?

A

Umami and water

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36
Q

What are umami?

A

pleasant taste that is a characteristic of beef broth, chicken broth, and parmesan cheese

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37
Q

Where are water receptors present?

A

the pharynx

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38
Q

What are the accessory structures of the eye?

A

eyelids and exocrine glands, the superficial epithelium of the eye, structures associated with production, secretion, and removal of tears, and extrinsic eye muscles

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39
Q

What does the lacrimal apparatus do?

A

produce, distribute, and remove tears

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40
Q

what does the lacrimal gland?

A

tear gland, it provides most of the volume of tears

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41
Q

What is the lacrimal gland?

A

passageways that end at the lacrimal sac, tears enter in here

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42
Q

what are the six extrinsic eye muscles?

A

inferior rectus, medial rectus, superior rectus, lateral rectus, inferior oblique, and superior oblique

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43
Q

What is located in the posterior cavity?

A

the vitreous humor

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44
Q

What is located in the anterior cavity?

A

the aqueous humor

45
Q

What is the ciliary body’s function?

A

The ciliary body attaches to the iris

46
Q

What is the suspensory ligament function?

A

Connects to the lens and holds it in place

47
Q

Where are photoreceptors found?

A

The retina

48
Q

What are the two types of photoreceptors?

A

Rods and Cones

49
Q

What are rods?

A

don’t discriminate among colors of light and enable us to see in dim lighting

50
Q

What are cones?

A

Provide us with color vision, sharper images, and help us see in the light.

51
Q

What is the macula lutea?

A

Place where the highest level or cones are found; where you want the light to hit your eye

52
Q

What is the center of the macula lutea called?

A

the fovea

53
Q

Rods and cones synapse with what types of cell?

A

bipolar cells

54
Q

What is the blind spot’s name?

A

optic disc

55
Q

Which fluid fills the anterior chamber of the eye?

A

the aqueous humor

56
Q

Which fluid fill the posterior chamber of the eye?

A

the vitreous humor

57
Q

What do the vitreous humor do?

A

maintains the shape of the eye and holds the retina against the choroid

58
Q

What is a focal point?

A

the point at which the light rays converge

59
Q

What is accommodation?

A

the process of focusing an image on the retina by changing the shape of the lends

60
Q

What are the rods and cones of the retina called?

A

photoreceptors

61
Q

what do photoreceptors do?

A

detect photons

62
Q

Equilibrium is provided by what part of the ear?

A

the inner ear

63
Q

What does equilibrium inform the body of?

A

position of the body, linear acceleration, and rotation

64
Q

What are the three anatomical regions of the ear?

A

external ear, middle ear, and inner ear

65
Q

What is included in the external ear?

A

the pinna, the external acoustic canal, and tympanic membrane

66
Q

Which glands create wax?

A

ceruminous glands

67
Q

What is included in the middle ear?

A

the malleus, incus, and the stapes

68
Q

What is included in the inner ear?

A

cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals

69
Q

What is the fluid inside the membranous labyrinth?

A

endolymph

70
Q

What is the fluid that surround the membranous labyrinth?

A

perilymph

71
Q

What is the first step of hearing?

A

Sound waves arrive at the tympanic membrane

72
Q

What is the second step of hearing?

A

movement of the tympanic membrane causes displacement of the auditory ossicles

73
Q

What is the third step of hearing?

A

movement of the stapes at the oval window establishes pressure wave in the perilymph

74
Q

What is the fourth step of hearing?

A

pressure waves distort basilar membrane on way to round window

75
Q

What is the fifth step of hearing?

A

vibration of the basilar membrane causes vibration of hair cells

76
Q

What is the last step of hearing?

A

information about the region and intensity of stimulation is relayed to the cns over the cochlear branch of N VIII

77
Q

What does N VIII stand for?

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

78
Q

What are special organs?

A

organs found in specific areas

79
Q

what are general organs?

A

organs spread throughout the whole body (skin)

80
Q

what are photoreceptors?

A

light receptors

81
Q

what is gustation?

A

taste

82
Q

what is audition?

A

hearing

83
Q

what is vision?

A

sight

84
Q

what is olfactory/olfaction?

A

smell

85
Q

what is adaptation?

A

sense of adapting to surroundings

86
Q

true or false. Not all taste buds have papilla.

A

true

87
Q

What are pacinian corpuscles?

A

sensitive to heavier pressure

88
Q

What happens to the vitreous humor as we age?

A

it becomes more liquidy

89
Q

What is the first place light enters the eye?

A

the cornea

90
Q

what is the second place light enters the eye?

A

the aqueous humor

91
Q

what is the third place light enters the eye?

A

the lens

92
Q

what is the last place like enters the eye?

A

vitreous humor

93
Q

How does the iris change the size of the pupil?

A

circular fibers constrict the pupil to make it smaller in bright light while straighter fibers dilate the pupil in dim light

94
Q

What is the convergence of the eyes?

A

two pictures from each eye merge at a focal point to create one image

95
Q

What colors do cones see?

A

colors like red, blue, yellow, etc.

96
Q

What colors do rods see?

A

Blacks, greys, and whites

97
Q

Which is considered visual activity? Cones or Rods?

A

cones

98
Q

Which is consider night vision? Cones or Rods?

A

rods

99
Q

true or false. the iris and ciliary body are muscles.

A

true

100
Q

What is the first step to seeing?

A

Retina

101
Q

What is the second step to seein?

A

Optic Disc

102
Q

What is the third step to seeing?

A

Optic Nerve

103
Q

What is the fourth step to seeing?

A

Optic Chiasma

104
Q

What is the fifth step to seeing?

A

Optic Tract

105
Q

What is the sixth step to seeing?

A

Thalamus

106
Q

What is the seventh step to seeing?

A

Optic Radiations/ Nerve Tracts

107
Q

What is the eighth step to seeing?

A

Occipital Lobe/ Visual Cortex

108
Q

What is another name for swimmer’s ear?

A

External Otitis

109
Q

What is the function of the Eustachian Tube?

A

equalize pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane

Anatomy and Physiology Honors 2 (17 decks)

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