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Step 1 - Path > path-endocrine > Flashcards

path-endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

high cortisol in general

A

cushing’s

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2
Q

nu,ber one cause of cushing’s

A

exogenous steroids

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3
Q

most common causes of endogenous cushing’s

A

1) high ACTH from pituitary adenoma
2) ectopic ACTH from lung tumor (small cell)
3) adrenal tumor

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4
Q

moon facies, truncal obesity, striea, ammenoria, immune supression

A

cushing’s

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5
Q

result of dex test in ACTH pituitary tumor

A

low dose - cortisol remains elevated

high dose - cortisol is suppressed

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6
Q

hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, low plasma renin

A

primary hyperaldosteronism

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7
Q

cause of primary hyperaldosteronism

A

sdrenal hyperplasia or aldosterone secreting adrenal adenoma

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8
Q

treatment for primary hyperaldosteronism

A

surgery to remove the tumor and/or spirolactone (aldosterone antagonist)

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9
Q

cause of secondary hyperaldosteronism

A

high plasma renin from renal artery stenosis, chronic renal failure, CHF, cirrhosis or nephrotic syndrome

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10
Q

tx for secondary hypersldosteronism

A

spirolactone

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11
Q

hypotension, hyperkalemia, acidosis, skin hyperpigmentation

A

addison’s dx

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12
Q

cause of addison’s

A

adrenal atrophy or distruction by disease

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13
Q

part of the adrenal spared by addison’s

A

medulla

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14
Q

bug that causes waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome

A

N meningitis

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15
Q

pheo dereived from

A

chromaffin cells of neural crest

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16
Q

pheo is tumor of

A

adrenal medulla

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17
Q

pheos secrete

A

catchecolamines

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18
Q

syndromes associated with pheo

A

MEN 2A/B and NF1

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19
Q

test for pheo

A

VMA in urine

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20
Q

drug given before pheo removal

A

phenoxybenzamine (irreversable alpha antagonist), then B blockers

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21
Q

most common tumor of adrennal medulla in kids

A

neuroblastoma

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22
Q

test for sympathetic chain neuroblastoma

A

HVA in urine

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23
Q

gene asociated with rapid neurblastoma progressions

A

n-myc

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24
Q

facial myxedema, dry cool skin, brittle hair, dyspenea on exertion

A

hypOthyroidism

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25
Q

pretibial myxedema, diarrhea, warm moistskin, fine hair

A

hyperthyroidism

26
Q

most common cause of hypothyroidism

A

hashimoto’s

27
Q

HLA-DR5

A

hashimoto’s

28
Q

moderatly enlarged, non-tender thyroid with lymphocytic infiltrate in germinal centers

A

hashimoto’s

29
Q

caused by severe fetal hypothyroidism

A

cretinism

30
Q

pot-bellied, pale, puffy kid with protuding umbilicus and tound

A

cretinism

31
Q

self-limiting hypothyroidism following flu-like illness. granulomatoius inflammation. Tender thyroid, elevated ESR, jaw pain

A

subacute thyroiditis

32
Q

fibrotic change in thyroid - fixed, hard (rock-like) painless goiter

A

reidel’s thyroiditis

33
Q

focal patches of hyperfunctiing thyroid follicular cells working independatly of TSH

A

toxic multinodular goiter

34
Q

autoimmune ahyperthyroidism with thyroid stimulating immunoglobulns

A

grave’s dx

35
Q

stress induced catchecohomaine surge leading to death by arrythmia - serious complication of grave’s

A

thyroid storm

36
Q

most common thyroid cancer

A

papillary (execellent prognosis)

37
Q

orphan annie eyes, psmmoma bodies

A

papillary carcinoma

38
Q

common cause of paillary carcinoma

A

childhood irradiation

39
Q

thyroid cancer associated with MEN 2

A

medullary carcinoma

40
Q

type of cell in meduillary carcinoma

A

parafollicular “C” cells

41
Q

produces calcitonin, sheets of cells in amyloid stroma

A

medullary carcinoma

42
Q

poor prognosis thyroid cancer

A

undifferentiated/anaplastic

43
Q

renal stones, hypercalcimia/uria, high PTH and alakaline phosphatase, weakness, constipation

A

primary PTHism

44
Q

bone lesion in primary PTHism

A

osetitis fibrosa cystica

45
Q

cause of secondary hyper PTHism

A

chronic renal dx leading to low gut Ca absorption and high phostphate

46
Q

causes of hypoPTHs

A

removal if PT during thyroidectomy, autoimmune destruction, or DiGeorge

47
Q

tapping of facial nerve gives contraction of facial muscles

A

chvostek’s sign (hypoPTHism)

48
Q

amenorrhea, galactorhhea, low libido, infertility, bitemporal hemianopia

A

pituitary ademoma

49
Q

treament of pituitary ademoma

A

dopamine agonists (bromocriptine or cabergoline)

50
Q

dx of acromegaly

A

high serum IGF-1, failure to suppress GH following oral glucose tolerance test

51
Q

tx for central Diabetes insipidis

A

intranasal desmopression

52
Q

tx for nephrogenic diabietss inspidids

A

HCTZ, indomethacin, or amiloride

53
Q

sx of DM1

A

ploydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss, DKA

54
Q

DM type with strongest genetic predisposition

A

II

55
Q

type of DM with amyloid deposit

A

II

56
Q

precipitates DKA in DM1

A

stress (infection)

57
Q

labs in DKA

A

hyperglycemia, high acidity, low bicarb, high keones, high plasma K+ (but low intracellular K+

58
Q

Tx for DKA

A

IV fluids, IV insulin, and K+

59
Q

gastrin secreting tumor of pancreas/duodeoem

A

zollinger-ellison (stomach shows rugal thickening)

60
Q

MEN 1 tumors

A

pituitary, parathyroid, pancreas

61
Q

MEN 2A tumors

A

parathyroids and pheo

62
Q

Men 2B

A

Pheo, thyroid

Step 1 - Path (12 decks)

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