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Step 1 - Path > renal path > Flashcards

renal path Flashcards

1
Q

RBC casts in urine can be

A

glomerulonephritis, ischemia or malignant hypertension

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2
Q

WBC casts in urine can be

A

tubuloinstistial imflammation, acutepyleonephritis, transplant rejection

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3
Q

fatty casts in urine can me

A

nephrotic syndrome

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4
Q

muddy brown casts in urine

A

acute tubulat necrosis

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5
Q

waxy casts in urine

A

advanced renall disease/chronic renal failure

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6
Q

hematuria w/o casts

A

bladder cancer or kidney stones

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7
Q

pyuria w/o casts

A

acute cystitis

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8
Q

conditions causing nephritc syndrome

A

actute poststrep glomurulonehritis
rapidly progressive nephritis
berger’ IgA glomulonephropathy
alport syndrome

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9
Q

conditions causing nephrotic syndrome

A 
focal segmental glomurosclerosis
membranous nepphropathy
minimal change disease
amyloidosis
diabetic glomueronephropathy
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10
Q

nephrotic syndrome in general

A

massive proteinuria, hyperlipdemia, fatty casts, edema

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11
Q

most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults

A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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12
Q

can bring on focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

A

HIV, heroin, massive obesity, interferon tx, chronic kidney dx due to congenital absence or surgical removal

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13
Q

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis on LM

A

segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis

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14
Q

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis on EM

A

effacement of foot process

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15
Q

granular on IF nephrotic syndrome

A

membranous neprhopathy

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16
Q

SLE’s nephrotic manifestation

A

membranous neprhopathy

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17
Q

“spike and dome” on EM

A

membranous neprhopathy

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18
Q

diffuse capillary and GBM thickening on LM

A

membranous neprhopathy

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19
Q

normal on LM and foot processes effacement on EM

A

minimal change dx

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20
Q

tx for minimal change dx

A

steroids

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21
Q

LM shows apple-green bifringence under polorized light when stained with congo red

A

amyloidosis

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22
Q

can cause kidney chronic conditions

A

Myeloma, TB, RA

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23
Q

train track apprarence in EM

A

membranoproliferative gomerulonephritis type I

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24
Q

nephrotic subendothelial IC deposits with granular IF

A

membranoproliferative gomerulonephritis type I

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25
Q

nephrotic intramembranous IC deposits

A

membranoproliferative gomerulonephritis type II

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26
Q

nephrotic syndrome associated with HBV,HCV

A

membranoproliferative gomerulonephritis type II

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27
Q

associated with C3 nephritic factor

A

membranoproliferative gomerulonephritis type II

28
Q

nephrotic with mesangial expansion, GBM thickening, eosiinophilic nodular glomerulosclerosis

A

diabetic glomeronephropathy

29
Q

hemturia, RBC casts in urine, azotemia, oliguria, hypertension

A

nephritic syndrome

30
Q

nephritis with LM shows glomeruli that are enlarged and hypercellular with “lumpy bumpy” apperance

A

acute post-strep glomerulonepthritis

31
Q

nephritis with IF showing granular appearence

A

acute post-strep glomerulonepthritis

32
Q

deposits in acute post-strep glomerulonepthritis

A

IgG, IgM and C3

33
Q

kids with peripheral and periprbital edema, dark urine and hypertension

A

acute post-strep glomerulonepthritis

34
Q

nephritic syndome with LM and IF cresent moon shapes

A

rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

35
Q

kidney manifestation of Goodpasture’s

A

rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

36
Q

kidney manifestion of granulomatosis with polyangiitis

A

rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

37
Q

C-ANCA/P-ANCA

A

rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis asociated with polyangitiis

38
Q

prognosis of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

A

poor - days to weeks until loss of renal function

39
Q

nephritic manifestation of SLE

A

diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

40
Q

nephritic syndrome with wire looping of capillaries in LM and granular IF

A

diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

41
Q

most common cause of death in SLE

A

diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

42
Q

nephritic syndrome flaring with URTI or acute GI-itis

A

IgA nephropathy

43
Q

glomularnonephritis, deafness and sometimes eye issues

A

alport’s syndrome (mutation in IV collegen, X linked)

44
Q

most common kidney stone

A

calcium

45
Q

tx for calcium stones

A

thiazides, citrate,

46
Q

conditions that can cause calcium stones

A

cancer, high PTH, ethylene glycol ingestion, vitamin C abuse

47
Q

causes struvite stones

A

ammonium Mg phosphate

48
Q

etioligy of struvite stones

A

urease + bacteria (proteus, staph, klebsiealla)

49
Q

radiolucent stones

A

uric acid stones

50
Q

uric acid stones can be a sign of

A

leukemia

51
Q

high urine pH stones

A

calcium phosphate, amonnium Mg phosphate

52
Q

gene defect in renal cell carcinoma

A

gene deletion on chromosome 3 (may be vHL)

53
Q

systemic effect of renal cell carcinoma

A

paraneoplastic syndromes (ectopic EPO, ACTH or PTHrP)

54
Q

tx for renal cell carcinoma

A

surgery if local (resistant to chemo and rads)

55
Q

risks for transitional cell carcinoma

A

phenacetin, smokingm analine dyes, cyclophosphomide

56
Q

drugs that can cuase intersistial nephritis

A

diuretics, penicillins, sulfanamides, rifampin

NSAIDS after long-term use

57
Q

most common cause of intrinsic renal failure

A

acute tubular necrosis

58
Q

can cause acute tubular necrosis

A

renal ischemia, rhabdo, drugs, toxins

59
Q

key finding in acute tubular necrosis

A

muddy brown casts

60
Q

gross hematuria and proteinuria with recent infectiion or immune stimulus

A

renal papillary necrosis

61
Q

can cause renal papillary necrosis

A

DM
acute kidney infection
tylenol use
sickle cell

62
Q

sign of acute kidney failure

A

abrupt decline in renal function with increased creatine and BUN

63
Q

knock on effects of kidney failure

A

salt/water retention
hyperkalemia
matabolic acidosis
uremia (N/v, pericarditis, encephalopatjy, platelet dysfcuntion)
anemia due tolow EPO
low vit D
growth retardation and developmental delay in kids

64
Q

ADPKD extra kidney manifestations

A

berry anyrsusms, MVP, benign hepatic cysts

65
Q

inherited dx with tubilointersistial fibrosis and pregrossive renal insiffiency qith inability to concentrate urine

A

medullary cystic dx (poor prognosis)

Step 1 - Path (12 decks)

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