Urinary tract infections Flashcards
when do UTIs occur
Common infection which occurs when harmful pathogens enter the urinary tract.
patients risk factors
- Children
- Pregnant women
- Sexually active individuals
- Chronic health conditions
- Personal hygiene
- Menopause
- Antibiotic use
- Kidney stones
- Immunosuppressed
causative pathogens
- Escherichia coli (Gram negative)
- Klebsiella pneumoniae (Gram negative)
- Candida aureus
patient symptoms
- Dysuria
- Frequency
- Polyuria
- Back pain
- Haematuria (blood in urine)
- Urgency
mechanism fo infection
Contiguous spread- when bacteria gain access in the urinary tract and attack the mucosa in the urinary bladder, ureter and renal pelvis.
supportive management of infection
drinking lots of fluids
painkillers
Test for infection
dipstick: nitrates, leucocytes, RBC, proteins
first line antibiotics
nitrofurantoin
nitrofurantoin
Inhibit citric acid cycle, RNA, DNA and protein synthesis
second line antibiotics
trimethoprim
trimethoprim
inhibits folic acid synthesis
third line antibiotics
ciprofloxacin
ciprofloxacin
Inhibits DNA gyrase (gram negative bacteria)
why ciproflaxin third line
It is used to treat serious infections, or infections when other anitbiotics have not worked.
It’s used to treat bacterial infections, such as:
chest infections (including pneumonia)
skin and bone infections
sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
conjunctivitis
eye infections
ear infections
outcome of UTI
- Resolution
- Could spread to the kidney
- Could cause sepsis (urosepsis)
