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Case 2 > Reproductive Physiology & Anatomy > Flashcards

Reproductive Physiology & Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of ovaries?

A
  • Site of oogenesis
  • Release oestrogen + progesterone in response to FSH + LH
  • Total oocytes at birth - decrease during life
  • Maturation of oocytes stimulated at puberty
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2
Q

What is found in the cortex of ovaries?

A

Ovarian follicles (germ cells) + dense irregular CT (stroma)

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3
Q

What is found in the medulla of ovaries?

A

Vascularised loose CT

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4
Q

What is found in the hilum of ovaries?

A

BV’s enter/exit

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5
Q

What is found on the surface of ovaries?

A

Germinal epithelium

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6
Q

What is the Tunica Albuginea?

A

CT underlying germinal epithelium

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7
Q

What are the types of ovarian cancers?

A
  • Epithelial
  • Germ cell
  • Stromal
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8
Q

What type of cells make up the epithelium of uterine tubes?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

2 types of cells:

  1. Secretory - watery secretion for gamete nourishment
  2. Ciliated - elongate during menstrual cycle
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9
Q

What are the layers of the uterine walls?

A
  1. Para/perimetrium - visceral
  2. Myometrium - smooth muscle/CT - hormonal response = hypertrophy/hyperplasia
  3. Endometirum - epithelial layer - menstural cycle -> zygote embeds
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10
Q

What are the layers of the endometrium?

A
  • Stratum functionalis (inside) = simple columnar

- Straum basalis (outside) = vascular CT

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11
Q

What are the types of uterine fibroids?

A
  1. Submucosal - between endometrium + myometrium
  2. Intramural - within myometrium, most common
  3. Subserosal - between myometrium + parametrium
  4. Pedunculated
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12
Q

What type of cell is the Endocervix made up of?

A
  • simple columnar

- mucus secreting cells (oestrogen reduces viscosity)

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13
Q

What type of cells is the Ectocervix made up of?

A
  • stratified squamous non-keratinised
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14
Q

What type of cells is the transformation zone made up of and what happens here?

A

= squamo-columnar junction

- Dysplasia = cellular change

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15
Q

What are primordial follicles enclosed by?

A

Single layer of flattened pre-granulosa cells + basal lamina

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16
Q

What happens to the primary follicles at puberty?

A

Stimulated to develop into primordial follicles

17
Q

What happens in the development of the primary follicle (unilayered)?

A
  • Oocyte enlarges + granulosa cells increase in size = cuboidal
  • Oocyte begins to produce zone pellucida
    = glycoproteins + proteoglycans = important in binding of sperm
18
Q

What happens to form the multilayered primary follicle?

A
  • Granulosa cells increase in number + thickness - stratified
  • Zona pellucida assembled
  • Stromal cells form concentric layers around follicle = theca
19
Q

What happens in the development of the secondary follicle?

A
  • FSH stimulates oestrogen production by granulose cels
  • Oestrogen stimulates further granulosa development
  • Spaces develop containing follicular fluid
20
Q

What happens during the proliferative phase?

A
  • Oestrogen thickens endometrium
  • Prolif of stratum basalis -> stratum functionalis
  • Straight endometrial glands + spiral arteries elongate in highly vascular stroma
  • Progesterone receptors
21
Q

What happens in the development of the Graafian (tertiary) follicle?

A

Antrum - large fluid filled cavity

Oocyte

  • thick zona pellucida
  • surrounded by corona radiata - nutrition

Granulosa cells - LH receptors

Now ready for ovulation

22
Q

What happens during ovulation?

A
  • Mature follicle protrudes onto ovary surface = stigma
  • LH stimulates proteolytic activity in theca externa + tunica albuginea
  • Ovum expelled into entrance of uterine tube
23
Q

What happens in the formation of the Corpus Luteum?

A
  • LH stimulates transformation of granulosa cells into corpus luteum (luteinisation)
  • Lipid within cells = yellow body
  • Endocrine glands:
    Granulosa cells release progesterone
    Theca interna cells release oestrogen
24
Q

What happens in the secretory/progesteronal phase?

A
  • Progesterone secretion from CL thickens endometrium for implantation
  • Stroma at most vascular -coiled spiral arteries throughout endometrium
  • Glands become tortuous - saw-toothed
  • Glands produce thick glycogen-rich product = nourishment of developing blastocyst
25
Q

What happens in the formation of the Corpus Albicans

A
  • Loss of LH = inoculation (leuteolysis) of CL + decreased progesterone secretion
  • Cells replaced by collagen
  • Fibrous ovoid structure - CA = white body, may persist for years
26
Q

What happens during mensuration?

A

Absence of progesterone secretion from CL:

  • contraction of spiral arteries = ischemia
  • degeneration of stratum functionalis
  • shed as menses

Case 2 (7 decks)

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