B.1 Individual Differences Flashcards

1
Q

B.1.1 Define the term Personality

A

Those relatively stable and enduring aspects of individuals which distinguish them from other people, making them unique but at the same time permit a comparison between individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

B.1.3 What is the interactionist approach to personality

A

combination of both inherent (built-in) personality traits and environmental factors. Interactionist theory proposes that personality is modified and behaviour is formed when genetically-inherited traits are triggered by an environmental circumstance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

B.1.4 Outline issues associated with the measurement of personality

A

Limit to:

  • data collection (interviews, questionnaires, observing behaviour)
  • validity and reliability issues
  • ethical issues: confidentiality, use of results, predicting performance.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

B.1.5 Evaluate the issues in personality research and sports performance

A

Consider:

  • athletes versus non-athletes
  • personality and sports type
  • predicting performance.

Refer to the positions adopted by the skeptical and credulous groups of psychologists.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

B.1.2 What is the social learning theory and personality

A
  • personality is learned through our experiences, observing those around us and imitating their behavior.
  • In direct contrast to trait theory, proposes that all behavior is learned.
  • Learning occurs by way of environmental experiences and through the influence of other people.
  • Personality is, therefore, not genetically programmed. Believe we learn how to act or react by observing others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Trait Theories believes what?

Social learning theory believes what?

Interactionist theory believes what?

A

Trait Theory- Personalitiy is in our genes

Social Learning- Personaility comes from observing others

Interactionist Theory- Personality is both genetic and observation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does Demand Characteristic refer to?

A

refers to subtle cues during an experiment that make participants form an interpretation of the experiment’s purpose and unconsciously change their behavior accordingly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why are interviews and questionnaires not a valid way to measure someone personality?

A

When people go in an interview or fill out a questionnaire they tend to change their personality to fit accordingly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the difference between Informant data and Behavioral data?

A

Informant data- Judgements about a target individual’s general attributes by people who know him or her very well (so like an interview)

Behavioral data- Information that is carefully and systematically recorded from direct observation (so when you oboserve someone behaviors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Personality differences between team sport athletes and individual sports

A

Team Sport Athletes-

more dependent, extroverted, anxious

Individual Sport Athletes-

less imaginative, less anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Morgans mental health model and what did it show?

A

An evalutation of the US heavyweight rowing team using POMS that correctly picked 10 out the 16 finalist.

Findings-

  • Recent controversy suggests it’s not possible to realistically select teams based on personality tests
  • Can be used to work with, monitor and understand athletes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was schurr, Ashley, and Joys expirement and their findings?

A

Experiment-

2000 college males tested using Cattell’s personality inventory (16 factors), athletes and non-athletes

Findings-

no single personality profile was found that distinguished athletes from non-athletes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In williams findings what did he learn?

A

He learned that there is no big personality difference between genders when it comes to high preformace athletes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain the Issues in personality research and sports preformance of athletes and non-athletes.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the issues associated with the measurment of personality through questionnaires.

A
  • not all questionnaries are vaild
  • The context in which the questionnaries are used is important
  • questionnaire administration could be in breach of confidentiality
  • Athletes my fake or falsify response to conceal a precived weakness
  • Use of results determine the effectivness rather than the test itself
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly