Complications

Question 1

Oral Carcinoma

Answer 1

Dysphagia

Speech Difficulties

Question 2

Oesophagitis

Answer 2

Ulceration
Stricture
Barrett’s Oesophagus

Question 3

Barrett’s oesophagus

Answer 3

Increased risk of dysplasia/ carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma lower ⅓ of oesophagus

Question 4

Allergic Oesophagitis

Answer 4

Increased risk of dysplasia/ carcinoma

Question 5

Oesophageal Tumours

Answer 5

Spread of metastatic cancer

- directly to other tissues via vasculature or lymphatic

Question 6

Gastritis

Answer 6

Increased risk of dysplasia/ carcinoma

Question 7

Bowel Obstruction

Answer 7

Perforation –> Peritonitis

Sepitcaemia

Question 8

Small Bowel Ischaemia

Answer 8

Fibrosis 
Stricture 
Chronic Ischaemia 
'Mesenteric Angina'
Obstruction 
Gangrene 
Perforation --> Peritonitis 
Sepsis

Question 9

Meckels diverticulum

Answer 9

Lifetime risk of complication ~5%
GI bleeding
Peritonitis
Obstruction Haemorrhage

Question 10

Appendicitis

Answer 10

Peritonitis 
Rupture
Abscess
Fistula
Sepsis 
liver abscess

Question 11

Coeliac Disease

Answer 11

T-cell lymphomas of GI tract
Increased risk of small bowel carcinoma
Gallstones
Ulcerative jejenoileitis

Question 12

Crohns Disease

Answer 12

Malabsorption 
Hypoproteinaemia 
Vitamin Deficiency 
Anaemia of all types 
Gallstones
Fistulas 
Anal Disease 
Rarely- toxic megacolon

Question 13

Ulcerative Colitis

Answer 13

Intractable disease
Continuous diarrhoea 
Toxic megacolon (EMERGENCY) 
Colorectal carcinoma 
Blood loss
Hypokaleamia 
Uveitis 
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis 
Pyoderma Gangrenosum 
Erythema Nodosum

Question 14

Alcoholic Liver Disease

Answer 14

Portal Hypertension 
Oesophageal Varices 
Carcinoma 
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Confusion, Disorientation, Muscle stiffness --> coma

Question 15

NAFLD

Answer 15

Increased risk of dysplasia / carcinoma

Question 16

Hepatitis A

Answer 16

Liver failure

Question 17

Hepatitis B

Answer 17

Cirrhosis
Liver cancer
Fulminant hepatitis

Question 18

Hepatitis C

Answer 18

cirrhosis
liver failure
liver cancer

Question 19

Chronic hepatitis

Answer 19

liver failure 
ascites
hypersplenism 
lower oesophageal and rectal varices 
hypoalbuminaemia 
coagulopathy 
osteoporosis 
encephalopathy 
cirrhosis 
hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 20

Haemochromatosis

Answer 20

cirrhosis 
hepatocellular carcinoma 
diabetes 
cardiac failure 
impotence

Question 21

Wilsons DIsease

Answer 21

If untreated, normally fatal before the age of 40

Question 22

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Answer 22

Cachexia
Haemorrhagic Ascites
Variceal bleeding
Rarely tumour can rupture and bleed into peritoneum

Question 23

Cholelithiasis

Answer 23

Acute cholecystitis 
Chronic cholecystitis 
Acute cholangitis 
Acute pancreatitis 
Carcinoma of gallbladder
Gallstone ileus

Question 24

Cholangiocarcinoma

Answer 24

Cirrhosis 
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Diabetes
Cardiac failure 
Impotence 
Heart failure

Question 25

Acute Pancreatitis

Answer 25

Pseudocyst formation
Abscess formation 
Shock 
Hypocalcaemia 
Hyperglycaemia

Question 26

Chronic Pancreatitis

Answer 26

Cirrhosis 
Hepatocellular carcinoma 
Diabetes 
Cardiac failure 
Impotence

Question 27

Pancreatic Cancer

Answer 27

Very poor prognosis

Can develop diabetes and jaundice

Question 28

Diverticular Disease

Answer 28

Diverticulitis 
Rupture 
Abscess 
Fistula 
Massive Bleeding

Question 29

Diverticulitis

Answer 29

Pericolic abscess 
Perforation 
Haemorrhage 
Fistula 
Stricture

Question 30

Large Bowel Ischaemia

Answer 30

Haemorrhage
Rupture
Stricture

Question 31

Pseudomembranous Colitis

Answer 31

Dehydration 
hypoalbuminaemia 
Toxic megacolon 
Bowel Perforation 
Hypotension 
Septicaemia

Question 32

Radiation Colitis

Answer 32

Intestinal obstruction 
Infection 
Abscesses
Nutritional Deficiencies 
Heavy PR bleeding 
Cystitis

Question 33

Polyps of colon and rectum

Answer 33

Adenocarcinoma can develop because polyps are dysplasic

Question 34

Colorectal Cancer

Answer 34

Obstruction - bloating, abdo pain, constipation, vomiting