Airplane Systems Flashcards
How are the various flight controls operated? /
- The flight control surfaces are manually actuated through use of either a rod or cable system.
- A control wheel actuates the ailerons and elevator, and rudder/brake pedals actuate the rudder.
What type of trim system is installed in this airplane? 1
Both rudder and elevator trim are provided. They are both manually actuated. KNOW Your PLANE
What are flaps, and what is their function?
- The wing flaps are movable panels on the inboard trailing edges of the wings.
- Increase both lift and drag
- Permit a slower airspeed and a steeper angle of descent during a landing approach
- Used to shorten the takeoff di s tance.
Describe a typical wing flap system.
Know your plane.
State some examples of leading edge lift devices. ~ (FAA-H-8083-31)
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Slots
- Directs high-energy air from under the wing to the airflow above the wing,
- accelerating upper airflow to allow airflow separation will be delayed to higher angles of attack
- allows lift at high AOA.
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Slats:
- They may be movable or fixed .
- At low angles of attack , movable slats are held flush against the leading edge by positive air pressure.
- At high angles of attack, the slats a removed forward either by the pilot or automatically by the low pressures present at the leading edge .
- Slats provide the same results as slots .
What are spoilers? (FAA-H-8083-31)
- Located on the upper surface of a wing
- reduce lift by “spoiling” the airflow above the wing.
- used as speed brakes to slow an airplane down, both in flight as well as on the ground immediately after touchdown.
What instruments operate from the pitot/static system?
- altimeter
- vertical speed indicator
- airspeed indicator.
Does this aircraft have an alternate static airsystem? ✓
- Yes.
- used In the event of external static port blockage
- Know your airplane
How does an altimeter work? (FAA-H-8083-15}
Aneroid wafers in the instrument expand and contract a s atmospheric pressure changes, and through a shaft and gear linkage , rotate pointers on the dial of the instrument.
A pressure altimeter is subject to what limitations?
Non-standard pressure and temperature:
Temperature variations expand or contract the atmosphere and raise or lower pressure levels that the altimeter senses.
- On a warm day -The pressure level is higher than on a standard day. The altimeter indicates lower than actual altitude.
- On a cold day -The pressure level is lower than on a standard day. The altimeter indicates higher than actual altitude.
Changes in surface pressure also affect pressure levels at altitude.
- Higher than standard pressure-The pressure level is higher than on a standard day. The altimeter indicates lower than actual altitude.
- Lower than standard pressure-The pressure level is lower than on a standard day. The altimeter indicates higher than actual altitude.
- Remember: High to low or hot to cold , look out below!
Define and state how you would determine the following altitudes. (FAA-H-8083-25)
Indicated altitude: the altitude read directly from the altimeter (uncorrected)
Pressure altitude: the height above the standard datum plane indicated when the altimeter setting window is adjusted to 29.92 .
- It is used for computer solutions to determine density altitude, true altitude, true airspeed .
True altitude-the true vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level.
- Airport, terrain, and obstacle elevations found on aeronautical charts are true altitudes.
Density altitude - pressure altitude corrected for non standard temperature variations.
- Directly related to an aircraft’s takeoff, climb, and landing performance.
Absolute altitude - the vertical distance of an aircraft above the terrain .
How does the airspeed indicator operate? (FAA-H-8083-25)
It measures the difference between the impact pressure from the pitot head and atmospheric pressure from the static source.
What are the limitations of the airspeed indicator? (FAA-H-8083-25)
The airspeed indicator is subject to proper flow of air in the pitot/ static system.
The airspeed indicator is subject to what errors?
Position error:
- Caused by the static ports sensing erroneous static pressure;
- slipstream flow causes disturbances at the static port, preventing actual atmospheric pressure measurement. It varies with airspeed, altitude, and configuration, and may be a plus or minus value.
Density error-Changes in altitude and temperature are not compensated for by the instrument.
Compressibility error-Caused by the packing of air into the pitot tube at high airspeeds, resulting in higher than normal indications. It is usually not a factor.
What are the different types of aircraft speeds?
Indicated Airspeed (IAS):the speed of the airplane as observed on the airspeed indicator. It is the airspeed without correction for indicator, position (or installation), or compressibility errors. Calibrated Airspeed (CAS)-the airspeed indicator reading corrected for position (or installation), and instrument errors. CAS is equal to T AS at sea level in a standard atmosphere. The colorcoding for various design speeds marked on airspeed indicators may be IAS or CAS.
