Early years/sailors/expeditions

Question 1

“Line of Demarcation”

Answer 1

A “line” drawn by the pope west of the Cape Verde Islands. Portugal’s territory was to the East of this line and Spain was to the west (drawn to prevent/reduce competition)

Question 2

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 2

(1494) Made the “Line of Demarcation” move farther west because it had previously been favorable to Spain.

Question 3

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Answer 3

(1513) Crossed the isthmus of Panama and became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean

Question 4

Juan Ponce

Answer 4

(1513) Originally searched for gold and fountain of youth, but ended up claiming Florida for Spain

Question 5

Hernando Cortes

Answer 5

(1519) Destroyed the Aztec Empire with disease and his army

Question 6

Panfilio de Narvaez

Answer 6

(1528) Led a disastrous expedition through the Gulf Coast region (4 of 400 men survived)

Question 7

Hernando de Soto

Answer 7

(1539-1541) Discovered the Missisippi River. Led a 600 man expedition

Question 8

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

Answer 8

Led an expedition (1540-1542) from Mexico, across Rio Grande. First to see the Grand Canyon

Question 9

John Cabot (Italian)

Answer 9

(1497) Sponsored by the king of England to find a Northwest Passage. First European since the Vikings to reach the mainland of North America, which he claimed for England

Question 10

Giovannia da Verrazzano (Italian)

Answer 10

Tried to copy Ferdinand Magellan who had found a way around the southern tip of South America. Sailed the coast from North Carolina to Maine.

Question 11

Jacques Cartier (1534)

Answer 11

Had three expeditions. Found St. Lawrence River (thought it was the Northwest Passage) Rapids prevented him from continuing further. Claimed the area for France

Question 12

Huguenots

Answer 12

French Protestants attempting to escape persecution in Catholic France by settling in the New World. However, they were massacre by the Spaniards

Question 13

Francis Drake

Answer 13

Sailed around South America and raided the Spanish settlements on the Pacific Coast of Central America. Claimed California for England. Sailed around the world and returned to England. His benefactor was Queen Elizabeth (Mary’s sister)

Question 14

King Philip II (Spain)

Answer 14

Angry that Elizabeth had helped Protestant cause. Sent mighty Spanish Armada to conquer England (1588). However, it was conquered by England and North Sea storms. War lasted until 1604

Question 15

Martin Frobisher

Answer 15

Sent to look for the Northwest passage by Sir Humphrey Gilbert (1576). Looked on the northeastern coast of Canada and instead found fool’s gold. Tried to found a colony in Newfoundland (1578). However, he was lost at sea.

Question 16

Sir Walter Raleigh

Answer 16

Martin Frobisher’s brother who continued his brother’s work. He founded Virginia and the settlement known as Roanoke Island. (1587) Virginia Dare was the first English child born in America

Question 17

John White

Answer 17

Leader of the settlement expedition at Roanoke Island. He returned to England to gather more supplies. Due to delays caused by war, he did not return until 1590, where he discovered that the colony was deserted. No one knows what happened to the settlers.

Question 18

Who won the war between England and Spain?

Answer 18

England. James I was Queen Elizabeth’s successor

Question 19

The Virginia Company of London

Answer 19

established the colony of Jamestown (1607) which became the first permanent English settlement in North America. Though the settlers at first died from starvation, the colony fought and remained, improving under John Smith (1608-09) and started growing/selling tobacco afters it’s discovery by John Rolfe in 1612

Question 20

King James I

Answer 20

wanted Virginia for himself, because he was very impressed by the profits made from tobacco. Got rid of the Virginia Company of London in 1624 and made Virginia a royal colony.

Question 21

Samuel de Champlain

Answer 21

Established a trading post in Quebec (1608) which was the starting point for the growth of New France. French traded fur with the Indians

Question 22

Jacques Marquette

Answer 22

(1673) Explored the Mississippi Valley

Question 23

Sieur de la Salle

Answer 23

(1682) Followed the Mississippi River to its mouth

Question 24

Were the French successful in colonizing America?

Answer 24

Not really. Why? Inadequate population and a lack of support from the parent country

Question 25

Henry Hudson (Englishman)

Answer 25

(1609) Sent by Holland to explore and locate a Northwest Passage. Discovered the Hudson River

Question 26

Dutch trading posts

Answer 26

In 1624, Dutch trading posts were established on Manhattan Island and Albany to trade fur with the Indians

Question 27

Were the New Netherlands succesfful in colonizing America?

Answer 27

No. Why? Insufficient population and a lazy government

Question 28

Separatists/Puritans

Answer 28

The two groups were very similar, though # of Puritans > Separatists. They both fled from the Church of England and became the famous Pilgrims. Led by William Bradford and left in 1620. Landed in Massachusetts aboard the Mayflower in 1630.

Question 29

John Winthrop

Answer 29

Taught the Pilgrims what a Christian society should look like

Question 30

“Mayflower” Compact

Answer 30

A treaty signed by those pilgrims in order to form a structured and stable form of government

Question 31

Massachusetts Bay Company (1629)

Answer 31

A joint-stock company established by the Puritans. Established in a place far away from royal officials

Question 32

Roger Williams

Answer 32

Founded the settlement of Providence in 1636, after being asked to leave the Massachusetts colony due to disruptive behavior. Later obtained a charter from Parliament combining Providence, Portsmouth, and other settlements. These became Rhode Island. Filled with exiles and troublemakers.

Question 33

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 33

Like Williams, was kicked out of the Massachusetts colony, but for a different reason. She taught things contrary to Puritan doctrine. She and her followers founded Portsmouth (1638). After continuing westward, she was later killed by Indians

Question 34

Thomas Hooker

Answer 34

(1636) founded Hartford

Question 35

John Davenport

Answer 35

(1637) led a group of Puritans and founded New Haven