M's

Question 1

Macon’s Bill No. 2

Answer 1

The 1810 law that replaced the Non-Intercourse Act and gave the president power to prohibit trade with any nation when it violated U.S. neutrality

Question 2

James Madison

Answer 2

“the father of the Constitution” and the fourth president of the United States

Question 3

Manifest Destiny

Answer 3

the belief that the American nation was destined to eventually expand all the way to the Pacific Ocean and to possibly embrace Canada and Mexico

Question 4

“Marbury vs Madison”

Answer 4

an 1801 lawsuit brought by William Marbury, one of President Adams’s “midnight appointments,” against Secretary of State James Madison to force delivery of his commission as a justice of the peace in the federal district, with Supreme Court Justice John Marshall refusing to rule on the request, claiming that the law giving the Supreme Court jurisdiction over such matters had exceeded the constitutional grant of powers and thus was unconstitutional

Question 5

Marshall Court

Answer 5

the Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Marshall from 1801 to 1835, who delivered the majority opinions in a number of critical decisions that served to strengthen the power of the federal government and restrict the powers of state governments

Question 6

John Marshall

Answer 6

The Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court and a Federalist, appointed early in 1801

Question 7

Maryland

Answer 7

the first proprietary colony, granted in 1632 to George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, which was intended to be a refuge for English Catholics, of which Calvert was one

Question 8

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Answer 8

the colony established in 1629 by a charter granted to the Puritans of the joint-stock company called the Massachusetts Bay Company and settled by the Puritans as a model what a Christian society ought to be

Question 9

Massachusetts Circular Letter

Answer 9

A document passed in 1768 by the Massachusetts legislature urging other colonial legislatures to pass petitions calling on the British Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts

Question 10

Massachusetts Government Act

Answer 10

One of the Coercive Acts, it greatly increased the power of Massachusett’s royal governor at the expense of the legislature

Question 11

“Mayflower Compact”

Answer 11

The document by which the Pilgrims established a foundation for orderly government based on the consent of the governed

Question 12

Mechanical Reaper

Answer 12

An invention of Cyrus McCormick, patented in 1834, that enabled a crew of six men to harvest in one day as much wheat as fifteen men could using older methods

Question 13

Mercantilism

Answer 13

The concept that every nation’s goal should be to export more than it imported (a favorable balance of trade) and that economic activity should be regulated by the government

Question 14

Mexican Cession

Answer 14

The land ceded to the United States by Mexico at the conclusion of the Mexican-American War

Question 15

Mexican-American War

Answer 15

a conflict between the United States and Mexico that began in 1846 as a result of ongoing American interest in the far western lands then held by Mexico

Question 16

Minutemen

Answer 16

colonial militiamen trained to respond at a moment’s notice

Question 17

Missouri Compromise

Answer 17

an agreement proposed by the House Speaker Henry Clay in 1820 that broke the deadlock between the even number of slave-holding and free states about admitting Missouri- where slavery was well-established - as a state in the Union Maine was admitted as a free state at the same time that Missouri was admitted as a slave state, and slavery was prohibited in the remainder of the Louisiana Territory, north of the southern boundary of Missouri

Question 18

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 18

a statement made by President Monroe in his annual message to Congress that the American hemisphere was “henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers”

Question 19

James Monroe

Answer 19

the last of the “Virginia Dynasty,” the president who was handpicked by the retiring President Madison and elected in 1816 with only one electoral vote opposed, a symbol of national unity

Question 20

Mormon Migration

Answer 20

under the leadership of new church leader Brigham Young, the overland journey of some 85,000 Mormons in 1846 to settle near the Great Salt Lake in what is now Utah (but was then owned by Mexico)

Question 21

Mormon Republic of Deseret

Answer 21

the Mormon settlement founded in 1846 in Utah by Brigham Young

Question 22

Mormon War

Answer 22

the incident caused by the series of events in which President James Buchanan decided (as a result of public outrage over the Mormons’ polygamy) in 1857 to replace Brigham Young with a non-Mormon governor; threats of Mormon defiance led Buchanan to send 2,500 army troops to compel Mormon obedience to federal law; Young responded by calling out the Mormon militia and blocking the passes through which the army would have to advance, resulting in a standoff that was resolved in 1858, with the Mormons accepting the new governor and Buchanan issuing a general pardon

Question 23

Mormons

Answer 23

members of a unique religion, called “The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,” founded by Joseph Smith at Palmyra, New York, in the 1820s; the most successful group in the United States that established communal experiments in the mid-nineteenth century; they had a highly organized, centrally controlled system, which provided security and order for the faithful

Question 24

Morrill Land Grant Act

Answer 24

an 1862 law that offered large amounts of the federal government’s land to states that would establish “agricultural and mechanical” colleges

Question 25

Mountain Men

Answer 25

Adventurers who ventured into the Western frontier to trap beavers for their pelts