9. Archaeabacteria Flashcards
(26 cards)
What Greek word does archaea come from? Meaning?
Archaios = ancient
5 phyla of archaea?
Crenarchaeota Euryarchaeota Korarchaeota Thaumarchaeota Nanoarchaeota
4 types of harsh environments archaea can live in?
- hydrothermal vents
- anoxic enviros
- high sulfur content
- over 100degC
What is the one member of Nanoarchaeota? What’s unique about it?
Nanoarchaeum equitans
Only known archaeal parasite
4 places Crenarchaeota can be found?
Hot (tropical)
Cold (polar)
Oceans
Rice paddies
Almost all Crenarchaeota are strict _______
anaerobes
2 ways Crenarchaeota can use sulfur for metabolism?
Electron acceptor (anaerobic respiration -> H2S)
Electron source
- S0 -> SO4 -> H2SO4
- sulfuric acid, chemolithotrophy
5 major Euryarchaeota groups? Which 3 are the most well-studied?
Methanogens
Halobacteria
Thermoplasms
Extremely thermophilic S0-metabolizers
Sulfate-reducing Euryarchaeota
First 3 most well-studied
What substrates do methanogens convert to methane/methane+CO2?
CO2, H2, formate, methanol, acetate, other compounds
4 habitats of methanogens?
- shale deposits
- anaerobic freshwater + marine sediments
- animal rumens
- anaerobic digestion of wastewater treatment plants
Instead of peptidoglycan, methanogens have _________ as a cell wall poylmer
pseudomurein
3 differences between peptidoglycan and pseudomurein?
- L-amino acids instead of D-
- N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid instead of NAM
- Beta(1->3) instead of 1->4 glycosidic bond
[NaC] required for halobacteria survival?
1.5M
Optimal [NaCl] for halobacteria growth?
3-4M
2 halobacteria habitat examples?
Dead Sea (Israel/Jordan)
Great Salt Lake (Utah)
Why are some salt lakes teaming with halobacteria red?
Carotenoid pigments protect them from UV light
Halobacteria produce ATP from light in the ABSENCE of chlorophyll using _____________
archaerhodopsins/bacteriorhodopsins
For halobacteria, light powers what 2 things?
Proton pump - produce ATP
Chloride pump - maintains internal salt conc.
What allows thermoplasms to survive their hot and acidic environments?
PM stabilzied by:
- diglycerol tetraethers
- lipid-containing polysaccharides
- glycoproteins
Composition of diglycerol tetraether? What’s unique about it?
2 glycerol heads + 4 ethers
More rigid and stable
Thermoplasm DNA is stabilized by what?
Archaeal histones
One use of archaea in biotechnology?
Thermostable enzymes for PCR
Archaea phyla which is mesophilic?
Thaumarchaeota
Archaea phyla filled with hyperthermophilic anaerobes?
Korarchaeota
