9 Markers Flashcards
(11 cards)
Impact of the Defence of the Realm Act
Censorship:
- Controlled what people could know about the war for example reports of fighting was limited
- War reporters were strictly controlled about what they could report on
- Letters home from soldiers were censored
Daily life:
- The government decided pub opening times for example no Sunday opening
- Local councils were allowed to seize unused land and use it for food production
- Restricted leisure activities such as the buying of binoculars or lighting bonfires
Reason for the extension of the right to vote in 1918
Peaceful methods of the Suffragists:
- Suffragists used peaceful and legal campaigning methods to promote votes for women, for example the Women’s Freedom League
- Suffragists had a large and more inclusive membership, giving them a powerful voice
- Some feel that suffragist tactics were too easy to ignore
Suffragist campaign:
- Suffragettes used violent campaigning methods to raise awareness
- Many suffragettes were arrested and force-fed, creating sympathy for their cause
- Suffragettes stopped their violent campaigning during the war, gaining support
Reason for Scots volunteering to fight on the Western Front
Propaganda:
- Posters were printed that made the army look exciting
- Other posters told men it was their duty to join the army and that they’d feel proud if they did
- Stories about German atrocities such as the war crimes they were committing against Belgians were encouraged
Opportunities:
- Opportunity to go on an adventure to new countries and perform heroic deeds
- Leave behind boring or difficult jobs
- Escape unemployment and take the ‘King’s Shilling’
Impact on Scottish civilians
Food shortages:
- Posters discouraged people from wasting food however voluntary rationing had little impact
- People started to keep an allotment to grow food and parks and tennis courts were turned into vegetable plots
- Rationing was introduced for certain foods in 1917
Changing role of women:
- Women experienced far more equality and freedom during the war
- More women were working than ever before and took up roles in the munition industry and Land Army to help with the war efforts
- However women experienced difficulties balancing work and looking after children
Impact on the British economy
Shipbuilding:
- Increased job opportunities for skilled craftsmen
- Port cities became bigger and created new jobs as a result of shipbuilding
Banking:
- Growth of insurance companies for example Lloyds of London insured many slave voyages
- Banks such as Barclays Bank financed slave voyages
- Made London the financial capital of Britain
Textile industry:
- Orders from the trade in enslaved Africans increased profits in the textile industry
- Cotton for mills came from plantations using enslaved Africans’ labour allowing the industry to expand
Role of abolitionists
William Wilberforce:
- Introduced many bills into parliament, which put pressure on MPs to end the slave trade
- Wilberforce had the support of important politicians who backed his campaign
- In 1804 the Abolition Bill Wilberforce introduced was passed by the House of Commons
Olaudah Equiano:
- Wrote his autobiography which detailed his experiences of the trade
- Travelled Britain on speaking tours telling the public the horrors of the trade
Economic circumstances:
- People began to view slave labour as an inefficient way to produce goods
- Non-slave crops were cheaper like Indian sugar
- Some plantations became less viable as a result of slave revolts
Impact on African societies
Loss of population:
- Over 12 million people were taken, 6 million more died on their way to the coast
- Estimated population was double the reality
- Disease spread more easily due to the movement of captured enslaved people within Africa, further reducing the population
Agriculture:
- Fewer young and healthy Africans to grow food which led to famine
- Agriculture improvements were not made in Africa due to a lack of experienced workers
- To avoid slavers good farmland by the coast was abandoned leader to fewer crops
Conflict:
- Villages were often destroyed or deserted
- Wars became tribes became more common to enable the capture of prisoners to trade as slaves
- Use of guns traded for enslaved people meant conflict was more violent
Benefit brought to Britain
Employment:
- Jobs in construction were created by the trade such as factories
- Offered new employment opportunities for sailors and dock workers
- Other jobs were also generated in banking and insurance companies
Industrial benefits:
- In Glasgow the tobacco trade contributed to the growth of industry
- Growth of industries such as copper, sugar-refining, and textiles
Financial benefits:
- Cities such as Liverpool and Bristol became richer due to the slave trade
- Wealthy individuals invested profits from the trade into schools and colleges
- London banks provided the financial services such as loans and insurance for slave voyages
The success of controlling youth movements and education up to 1939
Youth groups:
- Reinforced belief of traditional values for example girls would do activities on rules as future mothers
- Some Hitler Youth members fully embraced Nazi ideals such as antisemitism
- Some children informed the Gestapo against their families
Opposition:
- Some children acted against the regime such as the Edelweiss Pirates
- Struggled to indoctrinate some children if their parents taught different values
- Some children passively resisted for example listening to American music
Nazi consolidation of power up to 1934
Violence and intimidation:
- Political opponents were intimated for example the 1933 March election
- Concentration camps were opened for political prisoners for example Dachau
- The Gestapo were established in 1933
Use of emergency powers:
- Night of the Long Knives eliminated opposition from SA
- Emergency Decrees passed in 1933 suspended rights
- Enabling Act passed in 1933 gave emergency powers to the government
Nazi maintenance of power 1933-1939
Propaganda:
- Nuremburg rallies inspired loyalty
- Use of radio ensured the message was widespread
- Use of the Cinema: Triumph of the Will spread the message widely
Social policies:
- Nazi youth policy encouraged loyalty
- Nazi education brainwashed the youth
- Creation of national community created a sense of national purpose
