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Biology 2015/16 > 9 Weeks Test > Flashcards

9 Weeks Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is NOT the goal of science?

A

The goal is not guesswork based on opinions we can’t explain

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2
Q

What are the steps of an experiment?

A

purpose, hypothesis, research, testing/experimenting, observe, coclusion

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3
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations.

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4
Q

What is a controlled experiment?

A

A controlled experiment is when only one variable is changed at a time in an experiment.

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5
Q

Why do scientists publish their experiments?

A

Scientists publish their experiments so other scientists can see if they had the same results.

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6
Q

What is a theory?

A

When a hypothesis becomes well-supported

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7
Q

What is the definition of biology?

A

The science that seeks to understand the living world.

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8
Q

What are the seven characteristics of living things?

A 
Living things are made up of units called cells;
reproduce;
are based on a universal genetic code; 
grow and develop; 
obtain and use materials and energy;
respond to their environment;
maintain a stable internal environment;
mature over time
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9
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The process by which organisms keep internal conditions fairly constant.

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10
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials.

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11
Q

What is the metric system based on?

A

Multiples of ten

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12
Q

What is a device that produces magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye?

A

Microscopes

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13
Q

These allow light to pass through the specimen and use two lenses to form an image.

A

Compound light microscopes

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14
Q

These shine a beam of electrons through a thin specimen.

A

Transmission Electron Microscopes

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15
Q

These scan a narrow beam of electrons back and forth across the surface of a specimen.

A

Scanning Electron Microscopes

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16
Q

What is cell culture?

A

A group of cells developed from a single original cell

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17
Q

What is cell fractionation?

A

A technique used to separate parts of a cell

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18
Q

What is an inference?

A

A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge

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19
Q

What is a cell?

A

The smallest units of an organism considered to be alive.

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20
Q

What is data?

A

The information gathered from observation

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21
Q

What is spontaneous generation?

A

The idea that life can arise from nonliving matter

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22
Q

What is the manipulated variable?

A

The variable that is deliberately changed

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23
Q

What is the responding variable?

A

The variable that is observed and changes in response to the manipulated variable

24
Q

Which three particles make up an atom?

A

The proton, the neutron, the electron

25
Where are protons, electrons, and neutrons located in the atom?
Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus; electrons orbit the nucleus
26
How do you find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom?
Atomic number is how many protons, protons = electrons, neutrons = atomic mass - atomic number
27
What are the first ten elements in the periodic table?
Hydrogen - 1, helium - 4, lithium - 7, beryllium - 9, boron - 10, carbon - 12, nitrogen - 14, oxygen - 16, fluorine - 19, neon - 20
28
What is the basic unit of matter?
An atom
29
What is an element?
A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom.
30
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
31
What are the charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons?
Positive, neutral, and negative, respectively
32
What is the difference between a covalent bond and ionic bond?
Ionic bonds are when electrons are transferred between atoms while covalent bonds are when electrons are shared.
33
What is the biosphere?
Combined portions of the planet in which all life exists
34
What is a species?
A group of organisms so similar to one another they can breed and produce fertile offspring.
35
What is a population?
Groups of individuals that belong to the same species
36
What is a community?
Assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined area
37
What is an ecosystem?
A collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place
38
What is a biome?
A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities
39
What is the original source of energy in most ecosystems?
The sun
40
What is an autotroph?
An organism that produces its own food
41
What is a heterotroph?
An organism that relies on other organisms for food
42
What is a food chain?
A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
43
What is a food web?
A network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem
44
What is a trophic level?
Each step in a food chain or web
45
What is an ecological pyramid?
A diagram that shows the relative abounds of energy or matter in each trophic level
46
What is a biomass pyramid?
Pyramid that represents the amount of potential food available for each trophic level
47
What is photosynthesis?
When autotrophs use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and carbohydrates
48
What is chemosynthesis?
When organisms use chemical energy to make carbohydrates
49
What is the bottom level of an ecological pyramid?
Producers
50
How much energy is passed on from trophic level to trophic level?
10%
51
Why is only 10% of energy passed on to the next trophic level?
Consumers use much of the energy they consume
52
What is nitrogen fixation?
Bacteria convert nitrogen GAS INTO AMMONIA
53
What is denitrification?
Bacteria convert NITRATES INTO NITROGEN GAS
54
What is the primary productivity of an ecosystem?
The rate at which organic matter is created by producers
55
What is a limiting nutrient?
A nutrient that is scarce or cycles very slowly; this limits organisms' growth, or, when the organism is given a large amount of a limiting nutrient it can cause an algal bloom
56
What is the goal of science?
To investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions.

Biology 2015/16 (8 decks)

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