Semester Exam

Question 1

What is homeostasis?

Answer 1

A process by which organisms maintain a stable internal environment.

Question 2

What does the work of science begin with?

Answer 2

Careful observation.

Question 3

What is a controlled experiment?

Answer 3

Changing a single variable in an experiment.

Question 4

How does science vary from other disciplines?

Answer 4

Science relies strictly on facts or things that can be proven.

Question 5

When is a hypothesis useful?

Answer 5

When it is testable.

Question 6

Where may a hypothesis come from?

Answer 6

Observation, prior knowledge, logical inferences, imagination

Question 7

What is spontaneous generation?

Answer 7

Life arising from nonliving matter

Question 8

What is not a goal of science?

Answer 8

Something that can’t be proven

Question 9

What is an inference?

Answer 9

Logical interpretation based on prior knowledge.

Question 10

Why do scientists need to publish the details of important work?

Answer 10

So other scientists can replicate their experiments and see if they got the same results, further test them

Question 11

A tissue is made of what?

Answer 11

Individual or similar cells

Question 12

What is a theory?

Answer 12

A well-supported hypotheseis

Question 13

What is osmosis?

Answer 13

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 14

What is biology?

Answer 14

The study of living things

Question 15

What are ribosomes?

Answer 15

Small particles in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein.

Question 16

What are chromosomes?

Answer 16

Threadlike structures in the nucleus that contain genetic information passed from one generation to the next.

Question 17

What is a cell wall?

Answer 17

A strong layer around the cell membrane that protects the cell.

Question 18

What is a cell membrane?

Answer 18

A thin, flexible barrier around the cell that regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 19

What are the characteristics of living things?

Answer 19

• grow and develop
• reproduce
• are based on a universal genetic code.
• obtain energy and materials.
• respond to their surrounding environment.
• obtain stable internal conditions
• change over time.

Question 20

What makes up the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 20

Protons and neutrons

Question 21

Where is the nucleus of a cell? What does it do?

Answer 21

The center of the cell; it is the “control center” and controls the rest of the cell

Question 22

What is metabolism?

Answer 22

Building up and breaking down materials.

Question 23

What is a microscope?

Answer 23

A tool that magnifies things that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye.

Question 24

What is a compound light microscope?

Answer 24

A microscope that allows light to pass through a specimen and uses two lenses to form an image.

Question 25

What is a mitochondria?

Answer 25

The powerhouse of a cell that gives it energy.

Question 26

What is a chloroplast?

Answer 26

Organelle that works with the mitochondrion to give the cell energy.

Question 27

What is cell fractionation?

Answer 27

A technique used to separate different parts of a cell.

Question 28

What is a Golgi apparatus?

Answer 28

Organelle that makes proteins using coded instructions from the nucleus.

Question 29

What is a lysosome?

Answer 29

"Cleanup crew"; remove waste and unwanted materials from the cell.

Question 30

What are the three particles that make up an atom?

Answer 30

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 31

What charge does a proton have?

Answer 31

Positive

Question 32

What charge does a neutron have?

Answer 32

Neutral

Question 33

What charge does an electron have?

Answer 33

Negative

Question 34

Where are protons found in an atom?

Answer 34

The nucleus

Question 35

Where are neutrons found in the atom?

Answer 35

The nucleus

Question 36

Where are electrons found in the atom?

Answer 36

Orbiting the nucleus

Question 37

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 37

Gives the cell its shape

Question 38

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 38

Supporting and protecting the cell

Question 39

What did Democritus believe about atoms?

Answer 39

Atoms cannot be divided

Question 40

How do you find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons?

Answer 40

Atomic number = the number of protons and elctrons. Atomic mass - atomic number are neutrons.

Question 41

What doesn't have a cell wall?

Answer 41

Animal cells

Question 42

What are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 42

Prokaryotes have no nucleus, eukaryotes do.

Question 43

What are isotopes?

Answer 43

Atoms that have different numbers of neutrons

Question 44

What is a species?

Answer 44

Similar organisms that can reproduce.

Question 45

What is a population?

Answer 45

A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area.

Question 46

What is a community?

Answer 46

The assemblage of all the populations living in an area.

Question 47

What is a biome?

Answer 47

A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and other similar dominant communities.

Question 48

What is a biosphere?

Answer 48

The combined portions of the planet in which all of life exists including land, water, and air.

Question 49

Who is Anton van Leeuwenhoek?

Answer 49

The first person to see living organisms in pond water through a microscope

Question 50

Who is Robert Hooke?

Answer 50

Discovered cells by looking at a cork and compared them to tiny chambers in a monastery

Question 51

What is the difference between a covalent and an ionic bond?

Answer 51

Covalent bond shares electrons between atoms while ionic bonds transfer the electrons.

Question 52

What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Answer 52

Autotrophs (producers) make their own food, while heterotrophs (consumers) rely on other organisms for food.

Question 53

What is a food chain?

Answer 53

A series of steps in an ecosystem where organisms transfer energy by eating other organisms and being eaten - 10% of the energy is transfered to the next level and the rest is lost as heat.

Question 54

What is the water cycle?

Answer 54

Water enters the atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration

Question 55

What is the goal of science?

Answer 55

To investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions.