PMBOK Chapter 2

Question 1

“Two major categories of influences are

Answer 1

enterprise environmental factors (EEFs) and organizational process assets (OPAs).”

Question 2

“___________ originate from the environment outside of the project and often outside of the enterprise. ”

Answer 2

EEFs (enterprise environmental factors )

Question 3

“__________ are internal to the organization. These may arise from the organization itself, a portfolio, a program, another project, or a combination of these.”

Answer 3

OPAs (organizational process assets)

Question 4

“___________ refer to conditions, not under the control of the project team, that influence, constrain, or direct the project. These conditions can be internal and/or external to the organization.”

Answer 4

Enterprise environmental factors (EEFs)

Question 5

_____________are considered as inputs to many project management processes, specifically for most planning processes. These factors may enhance or constrain project management options.”

Answer 5

“EEFs

Question 6

“The following EEFs are internal to the organization:”

Answer 6

Organizational culture, structure, and governance.
Geographic distribution of facilities and resources.
Infrastructure.
Information technology software.
Resource availability.
Employee capability.

Question 7

“The following EEFs are external to the organization.”

Answer 7

Marketplace conditions.
Social and cultural influences and issues.
Legal restrictions.
Commercial databases.
Academic research.
Government or industry standards
Financial considerations.
Physical environmental elements.

Question 8

_________ are the plans, processes, policies, procedures, and knowledge bases specific to and used by the performing organization. These assets influence the management of the project.

Answer 8

“Organizational process assets (OPAs)

Question 9

“The ________ also include the organization’s lessons learned from previous projects and historical information.

Answer 9

OPAs

Question 10

_______ may include completed schedules, risk data, and earned value data.

Answer 10

OPAs

Question 11

OPA’S may be grouped into two categories:

Answer 11

“Processes, policies, and procedures; and

Organizational knowledge bases.”

Question 12

“The organization’s processes and procedures for conducting project work include but are not limited to:”

Answer 12

Initiating and Planning:
Executing, Monitoring, and Controlling:
Closing.

Question 13

“The organizational knowledge repositories for storing and retrieving information include but are not limited to:”

Answer 13

“Configuration management knowledge repositories containing the versions of software and hardware components and baselines of all performing organization standards, policies, procedures, and any project documents;”

“Financial data repositories containing information such as labor hours, incurred costs, budgets, and any project cost overruns;”

“Historical information and lessons learned knowledge repositories (e.g., project records and documents, all project closure information and documentation, information regarding both the results of previous project selection decisions and previous project performance information, and information from risk management activities);”

“Issue and defect management data repositories containing issue and defect status, control information, issue and defect resolution and action item results;”

“Data repositories for metrics used to collect and make available measurement data on processes and products; and

“Project files from previous projects (e.g., scope, cost, schedule, and performance measurement baselines, project calendars, project schedule network diagrams, risk registers, risk reports, and stakeholder registers).”

Question 14

“A __________ is a collection of various components that together can produce results not obtainable by the individual components alone.”

Answer 14

system

Question 15

“There are several principles regarding systems:”

Answer 15

Systems are dynamic,
Systems can be optimized,
System components can be optimized,
Systems and their components cannot be optimized at the same time, and
Systems are nonlinear in responsiveness (a change in the input does not produce a predictable change in the output).

Question 16

“Governance is the framework within which authority is exercised in organizations. This framework includes but is not limited to:”

Answer 16

“Rules,
Policies,
Procedures,
Norms,
Relationships,
Systems, and
Processes.
This framework influences how:
Objectives of the organization are set and achieved,
Risk is monitored and assessed, and
Performance is optimized.”

Question 17

“____________ are the components that comprise the key functions or principles of general management in the organization.”

Answer 17

Management elements

Question 18

“The key functions or principles of management include but are not limited to:”

Answer 18

Division of work using specialized skills and availability to perform work;
Authority given to perform work;
Responsibility to perform work appropriately assigned based on such attributes as skill and experience;
Discipline of action (e.g., respect for authority, people, and rules);
Unity of command (e.g., only one person gives orders for any action or activity to an individual);
Unity of direction (e.g., one plan and one head for a group of activities with the same objective);
General goals of the organization take precedence over individual goals;
Paid fairly for work performed;
Optimal use of resources;
Clear communication channels;
Right materials to the right person for the right job at the right time;
Fair and equal treatment of people in the workplace;
Clear security of work positions;
Safety of people in the workplace;
Open contribution to planning and execution by each person; and
Optimal morale.

Question 19

Organizational Structure types

Answer 19

Organic or simple,
Functional (Centralized),
Multi-divisional (May replicate functional for each division with little centralization),
Matrix - Strong
Matrix - Weak
Matrix - Balanced
Project - Oriented (Composite, hybrid)
Virtual
Hybrid
PMO

Question 20

“A _______________ is an organizational structure that standardizes the project-related governance processes and facilitates the sharing of resources, methodologies, tools, and techniques.”

Answer 20

project management office (PMO)

Question 21

What are the types of PMOs in organizations.

Answer 21

Supportive.
Controlling.
Directive.

Question 22

____________ PMOs provide a consultative role to projects by supplying templates, best practices, training, access to information, and lessons learned from other projects. This type of PMO serves as a project repository. The degree of control provided by the PMO is low.

Answer 22

Supportive

Question 23

____________ PMOs provide support and require compliance through various means. The degree of control provided by the PMO is moderate. Compliance may involve:
Adoption of project management frameworks or methodologies;
Use of specific templates, forms, and tools; and
Conformance to governance frameworks.

Answer 23

Controlling

Question 24

_____________ PMOs take control of the projects by directly managing the projects. Project managers are assigned by and report to the PMO. The degree of control provided by the PMO is high.

Answer 24

Directive

Question 25

A PMO may have the authority to act as an integral stakeholder and a key decision maker throughout the life of each project in order to keep it aligned with the business objectives. The PMO may:

Answer 25

Make recommendations,
Lead knowledge transfer,
Terminate projects, and
Take other actions, as required.

Question 26

A primary function of a PMO is to support project managers in a variety of ways, which may include but are not limited to:

Answer 26

Managing shared resources across all projects administered by the PMO;
Identifying and developing project management methodology, best practices, and standards;
Coaching, mentoring, training, and oversight;
Monitoring compliance with project management standards, policies, procedures, and templates by means of project audits;
Developing and managing project policies, procedures, templates, and other shared documentation (organizational process assets); and
Coordinating communication across projects.