Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Synovial Joint (6)

definition and examples

A

BALL AND SOCKET- moves in all directions - Hip or shoulder
HINGE - flexion/extension in one direction - knee or elbow
GLIDING- bones glide against each other - wrist
PIVOT- allows for rotation - radius
CONDYLOID- sits in a cup - mandible
SADDLE - fits together like a saddle - base of thumb

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2
Q

Structure of a synovial joint

6

A
articular or hyaline cartilage
capsule or capsular ligament
synovial membrance
synovial fluid
intra/extra capsular structures
nerve and blood supply
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3
Q

Movement patterns of synovial joints

10

A
flexion - extension
abduction - adduction
circumduction - rotation
pronation - supronation
inversion - eversion
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4
Q

Define Ligaments

A
  • dense fibrous connective tissue

- attaches bone to bone, usually at a joint

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5
Q

Define Tendons

A
  • Continuous with fibrous sheath covering each muscle

- attaches bone to muscle

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6
Q

Define Muscle and 4 characteristics

A

Highly specialised tissue to generate force.

  • Contractility
  • Excitability
  • Extensibility
  • Elasticity
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7
Q

Symptoms of a severe head injury

A
unconciousness
concussion
fits
difficulty staying awake
hearing loss
double vision
vomiting
blood or clear fluid in ears
memory loss
swelling or bruising behind ears or round eyes
loss of co-ordination
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8
Q

Define Homeostasis and what it controls

A

Balance of the bodys internal equilibrium

Controls-
Blood pressure
glucose
CO2
water/fluids
temperature
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9
Q

Features of the cranium

A

Formed by a number of flat and irregular bones that provide protection to the brain

The periosteum lining the inner surface off the skull forms the outer layer of dura matter

Bones have numerous perforations through which blood, nerves and lymph nodes p[ass

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10
Q

Components of the thoracic cage

A

Sternum, 12 pairs of ribs.

7 true, 3 false, 2 floating

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11
Q

Types of bones

5

A
LONG BONES - tib/fib
SHORT BONES - wrists or ankles
FLAT BONES - scapular
IRREGULAR BONES - vertebrae
SESAMOID BONES - patella
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12
Q

Functions of the skeleton

6

A
Support
protection
movement
mineral storage
blood cell production
storage of energy
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13
Q

Components of the Sinuses

5

A
Frontal sinus
Ethmoid Sinus
Eye sockets
Sphenoid Sinus
Maxillary Sinus
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14
Q

Role of the Sinuses

4

A

Contains air - reduce weight of skull
Communicate - via nasal cavity
Lined with ciliated mucous membrane
Gives Resonance to voice

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15
Q

3 Types of Joint

A

Fiberous
Synovial
Fixed

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