9.1

Question 1

What are small containers that carry materials between cell compartments and out of the cell?

Answer 1

vesicles

Question 2

What is the protective barrier that controls what molecules get in and out and helps cells communicate with each other?

Answer 2

cell membrane

Question 3

What stores genetic information in the form of DNA and where genes get copied to make mRNA?

Answer 3

nucleus

Question 4

What consists of long protein fibers that give a cell shape and structure and keep organelles in place?

Answer 4

cytoskeleton

Question 5

What is kidney-shaped with two layers of membranes and breaks down molecules to get energy for the cell?

Answer 5

mitochondria

Question 6

What are small structures that read messages from the nucleus to build proteins?

Answer 6

ribosomes

Question 7

Where are lipids and hormones made (smooth) and where some proteins are made (rough)?

Answer 7

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

What gets packages of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, moves them through a series of stacked compartments, and tags proteins based on where they need to go in the cell?

Answer 8

golgi apparatus

Question 9

What are small compartments filled with digestive enzymes that break down unneeded proteins and damaged cell parts for recycling?

Answer 9

lysosome

Question 10

What is the function of spongy parenchyma cells?

Answer 10

The plant cells take in carbon dioxide from the air; using energy from the sun, they make it into sugar. Often they store things like nutrients and water.

Question 11

What do chloroplasts in spongy parenchyma cells do?

Answer 11

Contains chloroplasts that perform photosynthesis.

Question 12

What is the function of intestinal absorptive cells?

Answer 12

These cells take up nutrients from food. They also are part of a protective barrier that keeps partially digested food inside the intestinal tube and away from sensitive tissues.

Question 13

What is the role of microvilli in intestinal absorptive cells?

Answer 13

Microvilli add lots of surface area for nutrient absorption.

Question 14

What is the function of motor neurons?

Answer 14

These cells are part of communication pathways that go from your brain to muscles all over your body. They carry electrical signals, telling muscles when to move.

Question 15

What do axon and dendrite extensions do in motor neurons?

Answer 15

Axon and dendrite extensions carry and receive electrical signals.

Question 16

What is the function of ciliated epithelial cells?

Answer 16

These cells are the first line of defense against anything harmful you breathe in. They fit tightly together, making a barrier that keeps pathogens like viruses and bacteria out. They also move mucus (and any junk that’s stuck in it) out of the body.

Question 17

How do cilia function in ciliated epithelial cells?

Answer 17

Cilia move in a wave-like motion to push away mucus & trapped debris.

Question 18

What is the function of root hair cells?

Answer 18

These cells are part of the outer skin of plant roots. They have a large surface area, which they use to take in water and minerals from the soil.

Question 19

What is the significance of the large extension in root hair cells?

Answer 19

Large extension increases cell surface area for absorbing water and nutrients.

Question 20

Which type of cell is more efficient at using energy and resources?

Answer 20

prokaryote

Correct match: prokaryote

Question 21

Which type of cell reproduces faster?

Answer 21

prokaryote

Correct match: prokaryote

Question 22

Which type of cell can perform a specialized role in an organism?

Answer 22

eukaryote

Correct match: eukaryote

Question 23

Which type of cell is found in multicellular organisms?

Answer 23

eukaryote

Correct match: eukaryote

Question 24

Where is DNA stored in prokaryotes?

Answer 24

DNA is stored in the cytoplasm

Question 25

Where are digestive enzymes located in prokaryotes?

Answer 25

Digestive enzymes are in the cytoplasm

Question 26

Can prokaryotes perform photosynthesis?

Answer 26

Some can do photosynthesis, some can not

Question 27

How many layers of cell membranes can prokaryotes have?

Answer 27

Some have two layers of cell membranes and some have one

Question 28

Where are proteins made in prokaryotes?

Answer 28

Proteins are always made directly in the cytoplasm

Question 29

Where is DNA stored in eukaryotes?

Answer 29

DNA is stored in the nucleus

Question 30

What do enzymes in the mitochondria do in eukaryotes?

Answer 30

Enzymes in the mitochondria break down food/sugar molecules to release energy and transfer it to ATP

Question 31

What surrounds organelles in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 31

Have membranes that surround smaller compartments in the cell-organelles

Question 32

How are proteins made in eukaryotes?

Answer 32

Proteins can be made by ribosomes in the cytoplasm or be made inside the endoplasmic reticulum, then travel by vesicle to the golgi body for further processing, then travel by vesicle to where they need to go- outside the cell, the membrane or another compartment within the cell.

Question 33

What do all cells use to get energy?

Answer 33

Get most of their energy through ATP

Question 34

What does DNA contain?

Answer 34

DNA contains genes, instructions for making molecules in the cell

Question 35

How does waste leave all cells?

Answer 35

Waste leaves over the cell membrane

Question 36

What do all cells have to digest larger molecules?

Answer 36

Have enzymes that digest larger waste/food molecules

Question 37

What small molecules can pass through the cell membrane?

Answer 37

Small molecules like carbon dioxide and oxygen can pass directly through the cell membrane

Question 38

Where are digestive enzymes stored in animal cells?

Answer 38

Digestive enzymes are stored in lysosomes

Question 39

Where are digestive enzymes stored in plant cells?

Answer 39

Digestive enzymes are stored in vacuoles

Question 40

What do chloroplast pigments do in plant cells?

Answer 40

Chloroplast pigments capture energy from the sun to make ATP which they then use to build sugars (photosynthesis)