9.1 Flashcards
(44 cards)
Who was Henry Bessemer?
A British engineer who developed a new process for making steel from iron in 1856.
Who was Alfred Nobel?
A Swedish chemist who invented dynamite in 1866.
Who was Michael Faraday?
An English chemist who created the first electric motor in the 1800s.
What is a dynamo?
A machine that is used to generate electricity.
Who was Thomas Edison?
The American inventor who made the first electric light bulb in the 1870s.
What are interchangeable parts?
Identical components that could be used in place of one another in manufacturing.
What is an assembly line?
A production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks.
Who were Orville and Wilbur Wright?
American bicycle makers who designed and flew an airplane in 1903, ushering in the air age.
Who was Guglielmo Marconi?
An Italian inventor who developed the radio in the 1890s.
What is stock?
Shares of a company.
What is a corporation?
A business owned by many investors who buy shares of stock and risk only the amount of their investment.
What is a cartel?
A group of companies that join together to control the production and price of a product.
How did science, technology, and big business promote industrial growth?
New industrial powers and products emerged. Giant companies arose due to changes in business organization.
What country was the first to industrialize?
Great Britain.
How did Britain try to protect its industrial head start?
By making rules against exporting inventions.
What country became the second to industrialize?
Belgium, after a British mechanic opened factories there in 1807.
Which nations quickly caught up to Britain in industrialization?
Germany, France, and the United States.
What helped other nations industrialize?
Abundant supplies of natural resources and borrowing British technology.
When did Germany unite and become Europe’s leading industrial power?
In 1871.
When did the United States advance rapidly in industry?
After the Civil War.
Was world industrialization even?
No, it industrialized unevenly.
Why did eastern and southern Europe industrialize slowly?
They lacked natural resources, capital, or ideal political conditions.
Which non-European countries industrialized in the late 1800s?
Japan, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
What were both positive and negative effects of industrialization?
People worked long hours in dangerous factories, but new goods became widely available at low prices.
