9.3 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What was the cult of domesticity?
A message put forth by books, magazines, and popular songs that idealized women and the home.
What was the temperance movement?
A campaign to limit or ban the use of alcoholic beverages.
Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton?
A reformer who helped organize a movement for women’s rights.
What is women’s suffrage?
Women’s right to vote.
Who was Sojourner Truth?
An African American suffragist.
Who was John Dalton?
An English Quaker schoolteacher who developed modern atomic theory, showing that each element has its own kind of atoms.
Who was Charles Darwin?
A British naturalist who in 1859 published On the Origin of Species and set forth the theory of evolution through natural selection.
What is racism?
The belief that one racial group is superior to another.
What was the social gospel?
A movement that urged Christians to social service.
How did the Industrial Revolution change the old social order and traditions in the Western world?
It brought challenges such as demands for women’s rights, the rise of the middle class, and breakthroughs in science.
What were the two main social classes before the Industrial Revolution?
Nobles and peasants.
What three social classes emerged by the late 1800s?
- The new upper class (a mix of aristocrats and wealthy entrepreneurs)
- The growing middle class and lower middle class
- Workers and peasants
How did the modern middle class develop its own tastes and values?
Through a code of etiquette that guided behavior, child-rearing, and dress.
How did the role of women change in the 1800s?
Men went off to work, and a cult of domesticity encouraged women to stay home.
How did women work to change restrictions placed on them?
They sought fairness in marriage, divorce, and property laws, and supported the temperance movement.
What was the biggest challenge women faced in their fight for rights?
The struggle for political rights, especially women’s suffrage.
Why did many governments set up public schools by the late 1800s?
Industrialized societies needed literate workers.
How was education different for boys and girls?
Few girls received training in science or math.
What educational reforms occurred during the Industrial Age?
Universities expanded and reformers sought greater educational opportunities for women.
What did John Dalton discover?
That each element has its own kind of atoms.
What did Charles Lyell show?
That the Earth had formed over millions of years.
What did Charles Darwin explain in On the Origin of Species?
How species could evolve through natural selection.
Where did Darwin make many of his observations that led to his theory?
While traveling on the HMS Beagle.
What is Social Darwinism?
The idea that industrial tycoons were more ‘fit’ than those they put out of business, and that success was proof of superiority.
