9.1 - Estimation Of Age By Examination Of Teeth

Question 1

Young horses have a total of ? deciduous or milk teeth

Answer 1

24

Question 2

The first premolar (wolf-tooth) may be absent or rudimentary; in most horses, it is only present in the?

Answer 2

maxillary (upper) jaw

Question 3

Permanent dental formula of male horses?

Answer 3

2(I3|3 C1|1 P3/4|3 M3|3) = 40-42

Question 4

Permanent dental formula of male and female horses?

Answer 4

2(I3|3 C0|0 P3/4|3 M3|3) = 36-40

Question 5

In how many days the deciduous/center incisors of horses erupt or come in?

Answer 5

8 days

Question 6

how many weeks the intermediate incisors of horses erupt or come in?

Answer 6

8 weeks

Question 7

how many months the corner incisors of horses erupt or come in?

Answer 7

8 months

Question 8

What teeth in horses can be distinguished from permanent teeth because they are wider than they are tall and they have shallow roots?

Answer 8

deciduous teeth

Question 9

Twelve premolars in horses will also erupt, three on each side of the top and bottom jaws, within what weeks of age?

Answer 9

2 weeks of age

Question 10

Systematic shedding of deciduous teeth is used to “age” horses until they have all of their permanent teeth at what years of age?

Answer 10

5 years of age

Question 11

At what years the horse’s deciduous central incisors are pushed out of the way as the permanent centrals erupt from below?

Answer 11

2 ½ years

Question 12

• At 3 years the upper central and lower central incisors of horses have grown out enough to meet and therefore begin to grind against one another.
• This is referred to as being?

Answer 12

“in wear”

Question 13

• At what years the upper central and lower central incisors of horses have grown out enough to meet and therefore begin to grind against one another.
• This is referred to as being “in wear.”

Answer 13

3 years

Question 14

At what year the intermediate incisors of horses will be shed and at 4 years of age they will be in wear?

Answer 14

3 ½ years

Question 15

At 3 ½ years the intermediate incisors will be shed and at what year of age they will be in wear?

Answer 15

4 years

Question 16

At what years the corner incisors will be shed, and 6 months later they will be in wear?

Answer 16

4 ½ years

Question 17

At 4 ½ years the corner incisors will be shed, and what months later they will be in wear?

Answer 17

6 months

Question 18

What horses have four canine teeth (tushes) located between their corner incisor and the molars

Answer 18

Male

Question 19

What horses will occasionally have canine teeth, but usually these are not as developed and all four may not be present?

Answer 19

Mares

Question 20

What teeth of horses are commonly extracted as they may interfere with the bit?

Answer 20

Wolf teeth

Question 21

At approximately 5 years of age and when all permanent teeth have erupted, the horse is said to have a?

Answer 21

“full mouth”

Question 22

On the grinding surface of the incisors, what is seen as an indented area with a dark center in the middle of each tooth of horses?

Answer 22

cup

Question 23

The cups of horses disappear from the bottom central incisors at what years of age?

Answer 23

6 years of age

Question 24

The cups of horses disappear from the bottom central incisors at 6 years of age, the intermediates at?

Answer 24

7

Question 25

The cups of horses disappear from the bottom central incisors at 6 years of age, the intermediates at 7 and the corners at?

Answer 25

8

Question 26

The top incisors of horses lose the cups from central to corners at? years of age, respectively

Answer 26

9, 10 and 11 years of age, respectively

Question 27

What term applies to a horse 12 years of age or older when all cups are gone and the grinding surface is smooth?

Answer 27

“smooth mouthed horse”

Question 28

Next to appear on the grinding surface of the incisors of horses is a ? It appears more toward the front of the teeth (closer to the lips) than the cups.

Answer 28

dental star or yellowish colored spot

Question 29

The dental star of horses will appear in the central incisors at what years of age?

Answer 29

8 years of age

Question 30

The dental star of horses will appear in the central incisors at 8 years of age, intermediates at?

Answer 30

9

Question 31

The dental star of horses will appear in the central incisors at 8 years of age, intermediates at 9, and corners at?

Answer 31

10

Question 32

A horse under 9 years of age will have what shape of grinding surface/

Answer 32

rectangular

Question 33

a horse from 9 to mid teens will have what shape of grinding surface?

Answer 33

more rounded

Question 34

a horse in its later teens or older will have what shape of surface?

Answer 34

triangular

Question 35

The younger horse will show a shorter tooth visible below the gum line, while a term used for the older horse is ? due to more visible tooth.

Answer 35

“long in the tooth”

Question 36

A more subtle indicator that can assist with aging the horse over 10 years of age is the ? This is a groove that appears near the gum line of the corner incisor. It begins at center of the outer surface of the tooth in a 10 year old.

Answer 36

Galvayne’s Groove

Question 37

At what age of horses the galvayne’s groove extends half way down the tooth?

Answer 37

15

Question 38

At 15 the galvayne’s groove of horses extends half way down the tooth, at what age it extends the entire length of tooth?

Answer 38

20

Question 39

at what age the upper half of the galvayne’s groove of horses is gone so a groove appears only in the bottom half?

Answer 39

25

Question 40

at 25 the upper half of the galvayne’s groove of horses is gone so a groove appears only in the bottom half and at what age the groove is completely gone?

Answer 40

30

Question 41

As the mouth of horses changes shape the rear of the top and bottom corner incisors may not meet, allowing for a ? to form on the top incisor.

Answer 41

hook

Question 42

The first time hook appears is during what year of horse?

Answer 42

7 year old

Question 43

Hook of horses will reappear at what years of age and may remain through the mid teens?

Answer 43

11 years of age

Question 44

What teeth is missing in cattle?

Answer 44

Canine

Question 45

What is the age of cattle when 1st incisor appear?

Answer 45

1.5 to 2 years

Question 46

What is the age of cattle when 2nd incisor appear?

Answer 46

2 to 2.5 years

Question 47

What is the age of cattle when 3rd incisor appear?

Answer 47

3 years

Question 48

What is the age of cattle when 4th incisor appear?

Answer 48

3.5 to 4 years

Question 49

What is the age of cattle when all permanent tooth appear?

Answer 49

5 years

Question 50

What is the age of cattle when 1st incisor neck emerged from gum?

Answer 50

6 years

Question 51

What is the age of cattle when 2nd incisor neck emerged from gum?

Answer 51

7 years

Question 52

What is the age of cattle when 3rd incisor neck emerged from gum?

Answer 52

8 years

Question 53

What is the age of cattle when 4th incisor neck emerged from gum?

Answer 53

9 years

Question 54

What teeths of cattle are erupted permanent teeth. They are larger than the deciduous teeth on either side.

Answer 54

central incisors

Question 55

What is the age of cattle when all teeth are missing or pegs?

Answer 55

15 years of age

Question 56

How many milk teeths does a 12 months old lamb have?

Answer 56

8

Question 57

How many permanent teeths does a 12-19 months old sheep have?

Answer 57

2

Question 58

How many permanent teeths does a 18-24 months old sheep have?

Answer 58

4

Question 59

How many permanent teeths does a 23-36 months old sheep have?

Answer 59

6

Question 60

How many permanent teeths does a 28-24 months old sheep have?

Answer 60

8

Question 61

What age of sheep when there’s a wide spacing between the teeth?

Answer 61

6-8 year old

Question 62

Dentition of an extremely aged sheep (from 8-12 years of age), frequently referred to as a ? It is easy to distinguish when its teeths are severely worn or it has missing teeths, with receding gum lines.

Answer 62

"broken mouth”

Question 63

2-tooth—2 permanent (central) teeth of goat showing (plus 6 milk teeth) - erupt from what months of age?

Answer 63

13 to 15 months of age

Question 64

4-tooth—4 permanent teeth of goat showing - erupt from what months of age?

Answer 64

18 to 21 months of age

Question 65

6-tooth—6 permanent teeth of goat showing - erupt from what months of age?

Answer 65

22 to 24 months of age

Question 66

Full mouth—8 permanent teeth of goat showing - erupt from what months of age?

Answer 66

27 to 32 months of age

Question 67

the corner teeth have erupted recently and show no signs of wear or age-induced discolouration.

Answer 67

“fresh full mouths”

Question 68

all eight teeth are intact, showing some wear but are still firmly in place.

Answer 68

“sound mouthed”

Question 69

all teeth are either broken, worn down to the gums or fallen out.

Answer 69

“gummy”