10 - Comparative Urinary System

Question 1

The urinary system consists of:

Answer 1

– Kidneys
– Ureters
– Urinary Bladder
– Urethra

Question 2

•Paired reddish-brown organs
•Roughly bean-shaped,
•found in the dorsal part of the abdominal cavity on each side of the aorta and caudal vena cava,
•just ventral to the first few lumbar vertebrae
•Functions:
– filter plasma and plasma constituents from the blood,
– selectively reabsorb water and useful constituents from the filtrate,
– excreting excesses and plasma waste products

Answer 2

Kidneys

Question 3

What kidney is slightly more cranial than the left in all species?

Answer 3

Right kidney

Question 4

Right kidney is slightly more cranial than the left in all species except in ? where they are at the same level.

Answer 4

pig

Question 5

Except in what animals where the left kidney hang down into the abdominal cavity; thus is not retroperitoneal

Answer 5

cat and ruminants

Question 6

In ruminants, what part of forestomach pushes the left kidney to the right of the median plane?

Answer 6

rumen

Question 7

– paired glands located against the roof of the abdominal cavity at the thoracolumbar junction.

Answer 7

Adrenal Glands

Question 8

Adrenal Glands
– paired glands located against the roof of the abdominal cavity at the thoracolumbar junction.
– Cranial to the kidneys, except in what animal? where they are medial to the kidneys.

Answer 8

horse

Question 9

– a concavity in the medial aspect of each kidney.
– it is where arteries and nerves enter the kidney while ureter and lymphatic vessel leaves the kidney).

Answer 9

Hilus

Question 10

– wide origin of the ureter in the kidney; receives urine from the collecting tubules.

Answer 10

Renal pelvis

Question 11

Which animal’s kidney does not have a renal pelvis, the ureter instead arising directly from the coalescence of individual calyces?

Answer 11

bovine

Question 12

– cavity that contains the pelvis.

Answer 12

Renal sinus

Question 13

– appears striated because of the radially arranged collecting tubules and loop of Henle (ascending and descending loops).

Answer 13

Medulla

Question 14

– contains the renal corpuscles giving its granular appearance, as well as the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

Answer 14

Cortex

Question 15

– cone–shaped aggregates of renal tissue where the medulla and cortex are arranged in units.

Answer 15

Lobes

Question 16

which animal’s kidney, each pyramid is associated with one of the grossly obvious lobes of the kidney?

Answer 16

bovine

Question 17

In which animals’ kidneys are the adjacent cortices of individual lobes fused, making the surface of the kidney appear smooth?

Answer 17

pig and small ruminants

Question 18

In which animal’s kidney, the individual papillae, like the cortex, are fused. Consequently, they present as a single longitudinal ridge, the renal crest, projecting into the renal pelvis

Answer 18

horse and small ruminants

Question 19

Urine discharged from the collecting tubules of the renal crest is collected in ? and from there is delivered to the ureter.

Answer 19

renal pelvis

Question 20

In the kidney of the ?, individual pyramids project into minor calyces, cuplike diverticula of the common collecting space within the renal hilus. These in turn empty into major calyces.

Answer 20

ox and pig

Question 21

In which animal’s kidney has no pelvis, and so the major calyces in this species empty directly into the ureter?

Answer 21

bovine

Question 22

In which animal’s right kidney is heart-shaped; Left is bean-shaped. Renal papillae fused to form renal crest.

Answer 22

Horse

Question 23

In which animal’s kidney is lobated. No renal pelvis. Minor calyces embrace the renal papillae; lead into major calyces and so into ureter.

Answer 23

Ox

Question 24

In which animal’s kidney is bean-shaped. Renal papillae fused to form renal crest. Renal crest has two projections – dorsal and ventral buttresses.

Answer 24

Sheep

Question 25

In which animal’s kidney is bean-shaped. Renal pyramids are fused but,their papillae are separate. Minor calyces embrace papillae, lead into major calyces and thence into ureters.

Answer 25

Pig

Question 26

In which animal’s kidney is bean-shaped. Renal pyramids fused into renal crest. Renal crest projects into distinct renal pelvis.

Answer 26

Dog

Question 27

What veins are subcapsular renal vessels found in the kidneys of Felidae?

Answer 27

Stellate veins

Question 28

Stellate veins are subcapsular renal vessels found in the kidneys of?

Answer 28

Felidae

Question 29

inflammation of kidneys

Answer 29

Nephritis

Question 30

What vein passes over the ventral surface of adrenal gland; used to find the adrenal gland in surgery.

Answer 30

Phrenicoabdominal vein

Question 31

removal/excision of a kidney

Answer 31

Nephrectomy

Question 32

surgical incision into a kidney; done to remove calculus

Answer 32

Nephrotomy

Question 33

inflammation of the kidney and its pelvis

Answer 33

Pyelonephritis

Question 34

What are the muscular tubes that conveys urine from the kidney to the bladder?

Answer 34

ureters

Question 35

What originates at the renal pelvis/major calices and ends by penetrating the dorsal wall of the urinary bladder at an oblique angle near its neck at the trigone?

Answer 35

ureter

Question 36

•A hollow, piriform muscular sac lying on the pelvic floor. •It varies in size and position depending on the amount of the urine it contain: – the empty contracted bladder is a thick-walled piriform organ on the floor of the pelvic cavity. – As it fills with urine, its wall thins and it enlarges craniad toward and then into the abdominal cavity.

Answer 36

Urinary Bladder

Question 37

the main part of the urinary bladder having a dorsal and ventral surface.

Answer 37

body

Question 38

the constricted portion of the urinary bladder continuous posteriorly with the urethra.

Answer 38

neck

Question 39

the blunt, flask-shaped anterior extremity of urinary bladder.

Answer 39

fundus

Question 40

What is a scar on the fundus which indicates the fetal attachment of the urachus?

Answer 40

centrum

Question 41

What is a triangular area in the vicinity of the neck of urinary bladder. – It is formed by modified mucous membrane. – It is especially sensitive to pressure.

Answer 41

trigone

Question 42

The bladder is kept in position by three peritoneal folds:

Answer 42

– Middle umbilical fold – Two lateral umbilical folds

Question 43

inflammation of urinary bladder

Answer 43

Cystitis

Question 44

opening of the urinary bladder

Answer 44

Cystotomy

Question 45

tapping of urinary bladder with a needle to remove urine; necessary to prevent rupture

Answer 45

Cystocentesis

Question 46

• Common to both urinary and genital systems. • It is divided into two parts: – Pelvic – from bladder to ischial arch – Extra-pelvic – from ischial arch to glans penis

Answer 46

Male Urethra

Question 47

• Short and dilatable. • Runs on the floor of the pelvis to open on the floor of the vagina.

Answer 47

Female urethra

Question 48

Which animals have a blind pouch called the sub-urethral diverticulum located beneath the external urethral orifice?

Answer 48

Ox and sheep