Nucleic Acids 3.8

Question 1

Nucleotides

Answer 1

pentose monosaccharide, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base

Question 2

Nucleic Acids

Answer 2

large polymers made from nucleotides which are the monomers

Question 3

polynucleotide formation

Answer 3

phosphate group from 5th carbon of one nucleotide interacts with hydroxyl group from 3rd carbon of an adjacent nucleotide and a condensation reaction occurs forming water and phosphodiester bonds.

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

deoxyribose nucleic acid made up of 4 bases: adenine, cytosine, thymine and guanine

Question 5

Pyramidines

Answer 5

the smallest bases, with single carbon ring structure.

thymine and cytosine

Question 6

Purines

Answer 6

the larger bases, with double carbon ring structure.

adenine, guanine

Question 7

Complementary Base Pairs

Answer 7

adenine and thymine
cytosine and guanine
will always be purine and pyrimidine

Question 8

A+T

Answer 8

2 hydrogen bonds

Question 9

C+G

Answer 9

3 hydrogen bonds

Question 10

Double helix

Answer 10

DNA is a double helix which is 2 polynucleotide strands coiled together and joined by hydrogen bonds. The strands are antiparallel

Question 11

RNA

Answer 11

ribonucleic acid helps DNA transfer info out of the cell.

DNA is too big so messenger RNA is sent out which is a single gene

Question 12

RNA nucleotides

Answer 12

ribose sugar, phosphate and the base thymine is replaced by uracil which can still form two hydrogen bonds

Question 13

DNA Extraction

Answer 13

1. Grind sample to break down cell wall
2. Mix detergent in to break down cell membrane
3. Add salt to break hydrogen bonds between water and DNA
4. Add protease enzyme to break down extra proteins associated to DNA
5. Add ethanol on top to get DNA precipitate
6. DNA should be white strands that you can spool with a glass rod