DNA Replication 3.9

Question 1

DNA replication

Answer 1

When one strand of DNA unzips and it’s exposed bases will be joined by free nucleotides to produce two genetically identical strands of DNA

Question 2

Semi-conservative DNA

Answer 2

One strand is the old parental DNA strand and the other strand is the newly replicated one

Question 3

DNA helicase

Answer 3

The enzyme responsible for breaking the hydrogen bonds between bases to unzip the DNA strand

Question 4

DNA polymerase

Answer 4

The enzyme responsible for synthesising the phosphodiester bonds between the newly joined nucleotides

Question 5

Continuous replication

Answer 5

The strand that goes 3’ to 5’ is the leading strand as DNA polymerase travels in the right direction and can connect all the nucleotides continuously.

Question 6

Discontinuous replication

Answer 6

The strand that goes 5’ to 3’ is the lagging strand as the DNA polymerase travels in the opposite direction so will only synthesis little sections of DNA at a time when there;s an unzipping of the strand. This creates Okazaki fragments

Question 7

Mutations

Answer 7

When there is an error in the replication of DNA that results from the sequence being read incorrectly

Question 8

Genetic code

Answer 8

A sequence of DNA bases that code for an amino acid which in turn will code for a protein

Question 9

Triplet code

Answer 9

A codon which is three bases and each codon codes for one amino acid

Question 10

Degenerate code

Answer 10

The fact that many codons will code for one specific amino acid because there are more possibilities of codons than amino acids