Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Transitions > Afib and Hyponatremia > Flashcards

Afib and Hyponatremia Flashcards

1
Q

Hyponatremia diagnostic approach

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hyponatremia workup and management

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Management and symptom control of Afib

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When controlling heart rate for Afib. . .

A

. . . 110 is a decent target – you don’t need to fully normalize HR, you probably won’t be able to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Risk calculators in Afib management

A

CHADS-VASc (for stroke risk)

HAS-BLED (for major bleed risk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In which patients are direct oral anticoagulants contraindicated?

A

Patients with some form of hemophilic disorder

Patients with prosthetic heart valves

Obese patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In order to perform an elective cardioversion for someone, they need to be . . .

A

. . . anticoagulated for at least 3 weeks, OR have evidence showing there is no intracardiac clotting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When deciding what treatment to use for atrial fibrillation, it is important to take into account whether or not the patient is in, . .

A

. . . congestive heart failure

Rate control agents like metoprolol or diltiazem may make CHF worse at high doses. Rhythm agents may be a better choice in these cases, however we don’t like to keep patients on them long-term if avoidable because of side effects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Major side effects of amiodarone

A

Amiodarone can cause end-organ damage to multiple organs, but most importantly:

Lung

Liver

Thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nociceptive pain circuit

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Neuropathic pain circuit

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Drugs for nociceptive pain don’t work for. . .

A

. . . neuropathic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

WHO Pain STEP diagram (nociceptive)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ketoralac

A

Particularly strong NSAID for nociceptive pain.

Only available IV. Great for acute moderate pain, but due to effects on kidneys only safe for 3-5 days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Adverse effects and contraindications of NSAIDs

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neuropathic pain step diagram

A
17
Q

Only approved COX-2 selective inhibitor

A

Celecoxib aka celebrex

Contraindicated in patients with cardiac conditions.

18
Q

Opioid receptors

A
19
Q

Opioid analgesic mechanism of action

A
20
Q

“Morphine equivalency”

A

Potency of opioids and other analgesics relative to morphine

Used to compare pain medications when switching for one reason or another.

21
Q

Daily limit of tylenol

A

4000 mg

22
Q

Anesthetic vs analgesic

A

Analgesics selectively deactivate pain pathways

Anasthetics deactivate all sensory and motor pathways (they usually target basic nerve depolarization pathways, like Na channels, think lidocaine)

23
Q

Indications for pharmacoligically treatment of delirium

A

Patient is a threat to self or others

Patient is removing IVs or other medical equipment necessary to their treatment and immediate health or causing traumatic injury in the process

24
Q

Delirium treatment algorithm

A
25
Q

Haloperidol for delirium

A

1st line for delirium

26
Q

2nd generation antipsychotics for delirium

A
27
Q

Lorazepam for delirium

A
28
Q

Trazodone for delirium

A
29
Q

Adverse effects/contraindications of SSRIs

A
30
Q

Classic appearance of a fractured femoral neck on X-ray

A

“Ice cream scoop that has slipped off its cone”

It is often hard to see the fracture line, but you can see some sclerosis. In comparison to a normal femoral neck, which is very clean and continuous, fractures look a little burrier and more granular.

31
Q

If a patient presenting with acute fracture presents with afebrile leukocytosis, you should. . .

A

. . . not be surprised. Trauma alone can cause afebrile leukocytosis – there are a lot of DAMPs being released and white cells are being recruited to sterilize and occupy the injured site.

32
Q

Fracture risk in patients with osteopoenia

A

Is normal! They are not at increased risk.

But, there is evidence of lower BMD, and so they may progress to osteoporosis. At that point, they would be at increased risk for fractures.

33
Q

Bisphosphonate adverse effects

A
34
Q

Why is it so important to distinguish between Afib and atrial flutter?

A

Because classic flutter has a defined circuit in the RA that can be ablated, effectively curing the patient, where as Afib is often a chronic condition.

LA flutter can also be seen and appears less “clean” than the RA version due to the more circuitous route it must take to complete a circle. Clockwise vs counterclockwise can also be determined by reading ECG.

35
Q

Other name for AV reentrant tachycardia

A

Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome!

They are the same thing.

36
Q

For someone not on anticoagulation, past what timepoint of being in afib are you worried about there being a thrombus in the heart?

A

48 hours

Transitions (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions