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Biomedical Science 1071 SM2 > Module 2 Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Module 2 Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organs of the GI Tract?

A 
Oral cavity
• Pharynx
• Oesophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Large intestine
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2
Q

What is the GI tract?

A

The GI tract is a continuous 9-10cm tube from the mouth the to anus, it is made up of smooth muscle –> the GI tract pushed materials from one end to the other

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3
Q

What are accessory digestive organs?

A

Accessory digestive organs include the liver, gallbladder, pancreas and salivary glands

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4
Q

How many digestive functions are there?

A

6

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5
Q

Define Ingestion?

A

Acquisition of nutrients

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6
Q

Define digestion

A

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of

ingested food

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7
Q

Define propulsion

A

Movement of food through GI tract

peristalsis and segmentation

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8
Q

Define secretion

A

• Release of mucins, water, acid, and enzymes

into the lumen of the digestive system

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9
Q

Define absorption

A

Transport of nutrients from the digestive

system to the circulatory system

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10
Q

Define defecation

A

Elimination of feces

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11
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Wave muscular contraction that occurs
throughout the GI tract (similar to pushing
toothpaste through the toothpaste tube)

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12
Q

What is segmentation?

A

Back-and-forth churning that occurs mainly in

the small intestine

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13
Q

What is the mucosa (label)?

A

inner lining of epithelium

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14
Q

What is the submucosa?

A

layer of connective tissue

with blood/lymph vessels/nerves

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15
Q

What is the muscularis

A

2 layers of smooth muscle
(except esophagus; skeletal and smooth
muscle, and stomach; 3 layers)

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16
Q

What is the tunica serosa?

A

outer

connective tissue covering organ

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17
Q

What is the Parietal peritoneum?

A

Lines inner surface of body wall; is
attached to abdominal and pelvic
walls; secretes peritoneal fluid and
stores fat`

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18
Q

What is the visceral peritoneum?

A

(wrapped around the organs

within the Intraperitoneal space)

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19
Q

What are mesentries

A

Folds of peritoneum that support
the intraperitoneal GI tract
organs; contain vessels, nerves,
and lymphatics

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20
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs.

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21
Q

What are the intraperitoneal organs?

A

Organs that are suspended into the peritoneal cavity CONTAIN mesenteries, are referred to as
intraperitoneal organs, and are movable

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22
Q

What are retroperitoneal organs?

A

Organs that are NOT suspended into the peritoneal cavity LACK mesenteries, are referred to as
retroperitoneal organs, and are immobile (or fixed) e.g. pancreas, kidneys, duodenum, ascending
& descending colon of LI
SADPUCKER

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23
Q

Label the liver, stomach and the greater omentum

A

-

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24
Q

Label the peritoneal cavity

A

-

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25
Q

What do mesentries contain?

A

Mesentries contain blood and lymph vessels and nerves for the small intestine

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26
Q

What are vestibules?

A

Vestibules is the space bewteen the teeth and the lips

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27
Q

Label the tonsils

A

–

28
Q

What are tonsils?

A

patches of lymphatic tissue found at the entrance of the pharynx
• protection against ingested and inhaled pathogens

29
Q

What are the pharyngeal tonsil?

A

Pharyngeal tonsils are in the
posterior wall of the
nasopharynx

30
Q

What are palatine tonsils

A

Palatine tonsils are in the
posterolateral region of the oral
cavity

31
Q

What are lingual tonsils?

A

Lingual tonsils are along the

posterior one-third of the tongue

32
Q

What is enamel?

A

white outer surface of tooth (only in crown), calcified surface that is stronger than bone

33
Q

What are the three levels of the tooth?

A

Crown, Neck and Root

34
Q

What is dentin

A

▪ Dentin: surface directly beneath enamel that is less calcified, similar to bone

35
Q

What is pulp?

A

▪ Pulp: inner most part of the tooth, houses the nerve and blood supply to the tooth

36
Q

What is the crown?

A

CROWN (externally visible covered by enamel), NECK (covered by gingiva, lacks enamel, not located in
alveolar bone), ROOT (housed in alveolar bone, different teeth have different numbers of roots)

37
Q

Label the tongue

A

–

38
Q

Functions of the tongue

A

aids in chewing, sensory analysis by touch, temperature and receptors, secretion of mucins and the enzyme lingual lipase that aids in breaking down the triglycerides

39
Q

Functions of the salivary glands?

A

Lubricate the oral cavity & moisten food

  • Dissolve chemicals that simulate the taste buds
  • Anti-microbial substances
  • -Parasympathetic innervation simulates salivary gland secretion
40
Q

What is the parotid?

A 
Parotid
• Anteriorly to the ear
• 25-30% of the saliva passes into the oral cavity
via the parotid duct
• Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
41
Q

What is the sublingual

A

Sublingual
• Inferiorly to tongue and internal to oral mucosa
• 3-5% of saliva passes to the inferior surface of
the oral cavity via the sublingual ducts
• Facial nerve (CN VII)

42
Q

What is the Submadibular?

A 
Submandibular
• Inferior to the mandible
• 60-70% of the saliva passes to the floor of the
mouth (lingual frenulum) via the
submandibular duct
• Facial nerve (CN VII)
43
Q

Function of the temporalis

A 
TMJ elevation (Jaw closing); retraction;
side to side movements
44
Q

Function of the Masseter

A 
TMJ elevation (Jaw closing); protraction;
side to side movements
45
Q

Function of the medial pterygoid

A 
TMJ elevation (Jaw closing); side to side
movements
46
Q

Function of the lateral pterygoid

A 
TMJ depression (Jaw opening);
protraction; side to side movements
47
Q

What are the oropharynx and laryngopharynx made up of?

A

they are lined with nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

48
Q

What is the oesophagus?

A 
hollow muscular tube
connecting the pharynx to the
stomach
• 25cm long
•Located within the
mediastinum
• posterior to trachea
• medial to aorta
• through esophageal hiatus
• wall secretes a lubricant
• skeletal & smooth muscle
49
Q

Label the lower and the upper oesophageal sphincter

A

-

50
Q

Stomach functions

A 
➢ Storage of digestive food
➢Mechanical breakdown of
ingested food
➢Chemical digestion via
acids and enzymes
(preliminary protein
digestion)
➢Ingested food now called
chyme (viscous, acidic,
soupy mixture)
➢Protein digestion begins here
51
Q

Label the stomach

A

-

52
Q

What are rugae?

A

ugae are a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ. Most commonly rugae refers to the gastric rugae of the internal surface of the stomach.

53
Q

Label the different mesenteries

A

-

54
Q

What is the function of the lesser omentum?

A

▪ Lesser omentum attached at the lesser curvature – stabilises position of stomach

55
Q

What is the function of the greater omentum?

A

▪Greater omentum attached at the greater curvature – its adipose tissue protects the abdomen

56
Q

What is the lesser and greater omenta house?

A

Lesser & greater omenta house (or convey) the blood vessels & nerves of the stomach

57
Q

What do unpaired organs get?

A

Unpaired organs get blood supply from unpaired blood vessels (celiac trunk, superior
& inferior mesenteric arteries)

58
Q

What blood supply does the organs located ABOVE the transverse mesocolon?

A

Organs located above transverse mesocolon get blood supply from celiac trunk

59
Q

What blood supply does the organs BELOW the transverse mesocolon?

A

▪ Organs located below transverse mesocolon get blood from mesenteric arteries

60
Q

What blood supply doe the organs of the right side of the M.P?

A

▪ Organs located on the right side of the mesentery proper get blood supply from the
sup. mesenteric artery

61
Q

What blood supply doe the organs of the left side of the M.P?

A

▪ Organs located on the left side of the mesentery proper get blood supply from inf.
mesenteric artery

62
Q

What is the celiac trunk?

A

The celiac trunk is a branch of the abdominal aorta and supplies all organs (liver, stomach,
spleen) which are located intraperitoneally and above the transverse mesocolon

63
Q

What is the function of the celiac trunk?

A

It supplies only superior parts of the pancreas and duodenum as both these organs are located
above and below the transverse mesocolon

64
Q

What does the SUP mesenteric artery supply?

A

Supplies (right side of mesenterium):

  • ascending & 2/3 transverse colon
  • small intestine
  • parts of pancreas and duodenum
65
Q

What does the INF mesenteric artery supply?

A

Supplies (left side of mesenterium):
- 1/3 transverse, descending
and sigmoid colon
- upper parts of rectum

Biomedical Science 1071 SM2 (14 decks)

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