9.2

Question 1

How long does it take for visual acuity to become ‘dark-adapted?

Answer 1

7 minutes for cones
30 minutes for rods

Question 2

What is Hypermetropia?

Answer 2

Long-sightedness caused by a short eyeball

Question 3

What is Myopia?

Answer 3

Short-sightedness caused by a long eyeball

Question 4

What is Cataracts?

Answer 4

Clouding of the lens, usually by age

Question 5

What is Astigmatism?

Answer 5

A misshaped cornea

Question 6

What is Glaucoma?

Answer 6

Build up in eye fluid pressure. Can damage the optic nerve and cause blindness

Question 7

What is Presbyopia?

Answer 7

Loss of lens flexibility. Leads to a form of long-sightedness caused by aging

Question 8

What is the Cornea?

Answer 8

The clear ‘window’ which lets light in. Responsible for 70-80% of total focusing ability (refraction)

Question 9

What is the Iris?

Answer 9

The coloured portion which varies for adjusting light levels.

Question 10

What is the Pupil?

Answer 10

The black portion of the eye which light passes through.

Question 11

What is the Lens?

Answer 11

Is the adjustment of shape in order to alter accommodation (focus). This enhances visual acuity (to see clearly) Controlled by Ciliary muscles. It thickens to focus on close objects and flattens to focus on distant objects.

Question 12

What is the Retina?

Answer 12

A layer of nerves connected to the optic nerve. It contains rods and cones and also contains the fovea at the back central area.

Question 13

What is the Fovea?

Answer 13

It’s at the centre of the cornea, responsible for sharp and central vision. It only contains cones

Question 14

What and where is the blind spot of the eye?

Answer 14

The blind spot is in the Retina, where the optic nerve joins the back of the eye. Binocular vision prevents this blind spot from being noticed.

Question 15

What is the Outer Ear?

Answer 15

Consist of the Ear Canal and Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum). It directs sound waves into the middle ear.

Question 16

What is the Middle Ear?

Answer 16

Contains 3 small bones (ossicles) which are the hammer, anvil and stirrup to amplify and transmit sound vibrations from eardrum to inner ear. Contains the Aural reflex

Question 17

What is the Inner Ear?

Answer 17

Contains the Cochlea. A fluid filled membrane with hairs used to detect sound vibrations. These send impulses to the brain to detect sound and the loudness of the sound.

Question 18

What is Iconic Memory?

Answer 18

Smooth stream of visual information extracted over an extended period in the Visual Short-Term Memory.

Question 19

What is Echoic Memory?

Answer 19

Registers sound. Once heard it is stored to be processed and understood.

Question 20

What is Selective Attention?

Answer 20

Occurs when a person is monitoring multiple information sources that seem important.

Question 21

What is Divided Attention?

Answer 21

Attention where people are required to do multiple things at once.

Question 22

What is Focussed Attention?

Answer 22

Attention that is solely focused and channeled at a single source. (Avoiding distraction)

Question 23

What is Sustained Attention?

Answer 23

Ability to maintain concentration and remain alert over long periods.

Question 24

What is Sensory Memory?

Answer 24

(Ultra-short Memory) includes sights, sounds and tastes and stores under 2 seconds.

Question 25

What is Short-term Memory?

Answer 25

Stores either 5-9 items for a short duration of around 10-20 seconds. Can be improved by way of chunking. (Phone numbers)

Question 26

What is Long-term Memory?

Answer 26

Information capacity has no limit and stores information that is no longer needed. Includes the episodic memory, a highly detailed memory without forgetting. Usually a life changing event

Question 27

Acrophobia

Answer 27

Fear of heights

Question 28

How many nerve cells does an eye have?

Answer 28

1.2 million there for the eye is 24x more powerful than the ear

Question 29

What is the frequency range of human hearing?

Answer 29

20-20000 Hz for a young person and sensitivity peaks at around 3000Hz

Question 30

What is the rule of thumb for detecting a loud environment?

Answer 30

When 2 people stand 2 metres apart and still cannot hear a conversation.

Question 31

What is Presbycusis?

Answer 31

The deterioration of hearing by aging

Question 32

What is the Frontal Lobe?

Answer 32

The front part of the brain. Used for thinking, judgement, movement and language in the short term (echoic) memory

Question 33

What is the Parietal Lobe?

Answer 33

The top tear part of the brain. Used for human senses (sight, touch, smell) aswell as reading.

Question 34

What is the Temporal Lobe?

Answer 34

The front middle part of the brain. Used for understanding language and memory.

Question 35

What is the Occipital Lobe?

Answer 35

The rear middle part of the brain. Used for vision and colour identity.

Question 36

What is the Brain Stem?

Answer 36

The part of the brain that connects it to the bodies nervous system and spine. Used for breathing, temperature control and heart rate

Question 37

What is the Cerabellum?

Answer 37

The bottom rear part of the brain. Used for coordination, balance, attention and vestibular (part of the inner ear for balance and spatial orientation)

Question 38

What is Visual Acuity?

Answer 38

The ability to see clearly

Question 39

What is Visual accommodation?

Answer 39

The eyes ability to focus on objects

Question 40

What is the Acoustic/ Aural reflex?

Answer 40

Muscles which protect from noise over 80db by 20db but for only up to 15 minutes. Does not protect from sudden impulses of loud noise