Cell/Cell Transport Flashcards
Cell Theory
Cell theory states that living things are composed of one or more cells, that the cell is the basic unit of life, and that cells arise from existing cells
Eukaryote
Eukaryote, any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus.
Prokaryote
A prokaryote is a simple, single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
organelle
any of the specialized structures within a cell that perform a specific function (e.g., mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum).
flagella
a slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc. to swim.
cilia
slender, microscopic, hair-like structures or organelles that extend from the surface of nearly all mammalian cells
Passive transport
a naturally-occurring phenomenon and does not require the cell to exert any of its energy to accomplish the movement.
Concentration gradient
occurs when the concentration of particles is higher in one area than another.
Diffusion
a physical process that refers to the net movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration.
osmosis
the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane according to the concentration gradient of water across the membrane, which is inversely proportional to the concentration of solutes
Hypertonic solution
the tonicity of a solution usually refers to its solute concentration relative to that of another solution on the opposite side of a cell membrane
Hypotonic solution
Hypotonic comes from the Greek “hypo,” meaning under, and “tonos,” meaning stretching
Isotonic solution
A solution is isotonic when its effective osmole concentration is the same as that of another solution.
Active transport
In active transport, the particles move across a cell membrane from a lower concentration to a higher concentration
Endocytosis
a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell.
